Introduction
Mixed references help you fix either the row or the column in a cell address when copying formulas. This lets you control how formulas adjust when you copy them across rows or columns, saving time and avoiding errors.
When you want to copy a formula across columns but keep the row fixed, like applying a tax rate to different products in the same row.
When you want to copy a formula down rows but keep the column fixed, like multiplying sales numbers in different rows by a fixed commission rate in one column.
When you create a multiplication table and want to lock either the row or column reference to get correct results.
When you have a price list in one row and quantities in a column and want to calculate totals by mixing fixed rows and columns.
When you want to avoid manually changing formulas after copying them to many cells.