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Ratio Increase/Decrease Effect

Introduction

कई बार aptitude questions सीधे ratio नहीं पूछते। इसके बजाय वे बताते हैं कि किसी व्यक्ति की age, income, marks या quantity बढ़ाई या घटाई गई, और फिर नया ratio दिया जाता है। इससे हमें original values निकालनी होती हैं।

ऐसे problems आपकी ability को test करते हैं कि आप दिए गए changes को कैसे apply करते हैं और फिर ratio relation से equation बनाते हैं।

Pattern: Ratio Increase/Decrease Effect

Pattern

मुख्य idea:

अगर increase या decrease के बाद ratio change होता है, तो दोनों ratios को variables में लिखो, फिर दिए गए change को apply करके equation बनाओ।

New ratio = (changed numerator) : (changed denominator).

Step-by-Step Example

Question

Rahul और Neha की salary का ratio 3 : 4 है। Rahul की salary में ₹600 की बढ़ोतरी होने के बाद ratio 4 : 5 हो जाता है। उनकी original salaries निकालो।

Solution

  1. Step 1: Original salaries को represent करो।

    Rahul की salary = 3x Neha की salary = 4x
  2. Step 2: Change condition apply करो।

    Rahul की नई salary = 3x + 600 Neha की salary वही रहती है = 4x New ratio = 4 : 5 → (3x + 600)/4x = 4/5
  3. Step 3: Cross multiplication use करो।

    5 × (3x + 600) = 4 × (4x) 15x + 3000 = 16x
  4. Step 4: Equation solve करो।

    16x - 15x = 3000 → x = 3000
  5. Step 5: Original salaries निकालो।

    Rahul = 3x = 3 × 3000 = ₹9000 Neha = 4x = 4 × 3000 = ₹12000
  6. Step 6: Quick Check.

    Original ratio: 9000 : 12000 = 3 : 4 ✅ Increase के बाद: (9000 + 600) : 12000 = 9600 : 12000 = 4 : 5 ✅ दोनों conditions match करते हैं।

Quick Variations

अगर increase की जगह decrease दिया हो, तो amount subtract करने के बाद ratio condition apply करो।

कई बार दोनों values अलग-अलग amounts से change होती हैं। ऐसे में हर term को adjust करके नया ratio लगाओ।

अगर केवल new ratio और difference दिया हो, तो भी variables लेकर equation बनाई जाती है।

Trick to Always Use

  • Step 1: Original values को variables से represent करो (given ratio के अनुसार)।
  • Step 2: Increase/Decrease apply करो।
  • Step 3: New ratio को fraction form में लिखो।
  • Step 4: Cross multiply करके variable निकालो।
  • Step 5: दोनों ratios से verify करो।

Summary

Summary

Ratio increase/decrease effect वाले problems में:

  • Step 1: Original values को variables से लिखो।
  • Step 2: Increase या decrease apply करो।
  • Step 3: New ratio की equation बनाओ और solve करो।
  • Step 4: वापस substitute करके verify करो।

इस method से ratio-change वाले questions जल्दी और accurately solve हो जाते हैं।

Practice

(1/5)
1. Rahul and Neha have salaries in the ratio 3 : 4. After Rahul's salary is increased by ₹600, the ratio becomes 4 : 5. Find their original salaries.
medium
A. Rahul ₹9000, Neha ₹12000
B. Rahul ₹3000, Neha ₹4000
C. Rahul ₹4500, Neha ₹6000
D. Rahul ₹6000, Neha ₹8000

Solution

  1. Step 1: Define variables

    Let Rahul = 3x and Neha = 4x.
  2. Step 2: Apply the increase and form the new-ratio equation

    After increase Rahul = 3x + 600, so (3x + 600) : 4x = 4 : 5.
  3. Step 3: Solve the equation for x

    Cross-multiply: 5(3x + 600) = 4(4x) → 15x + 3000 = 16x → x = 3000.
  4. Final Answer:

    Rahul ₹9000, Neha ₹12000 → Option A
  5. Quick Check:

    After increase Rahul = 9600, Neha = 12000 → 9600:12000 = 4:5 ✅
Hint: Express original values as ratio×k, apply change, form the new-ratio equation and solve for k.
Common Mistakes: Forgetting to add/subtract the change before forming the ratio equation or swapping who got increased.
2. A and B are in the ratio 2 : 3. If A is increased by 6, the ratio becomes 3 : 4. Find A and B.
medium
A. A 48, B 72
B. A 30, B 45
C. A 24, B 36
D. A 60, B 90

Solution

  1. Step 1: Define variables

    Let A = 2x and B = 3x.
  2. Step 2: Apply the increase and form the equation

    After increase A = 2x + 6, so (2x + 6) : 3x = 3 : 4.
  3. Step 3: Solve for x

    Cross-multiply: 4(2x + 6) = 3(3x) → 8x + 24 = 9x → x = 24.
  4. Final Answer:

    A = 48, B = 72 → Option A
  5. Quick Check:

    After increase A = 54, B = 72 → 54:72 = 3:4 ✅
Hint: Set original = ratio×k; add/subtract change; cross-multiply to find k.
Common Mistakes: Not converting the final ratio correctly before cross-multiplying.
3. The ages of P and Q are in the ratio 7 : 9. If Q's age is decreased by 6 years, the ratio becomes 7 : 8. Find their present ages.
medium
A. P 21, Q 27
B. P 42, Q 54
C. P 35, Q 45
D. P 56, Q 72

Solution

  1. Step 1: Define variables

    Let P = 7k and Q = 9k.
  2. Step 2: Apply the decrease and form the new-ratio equation

    After decrease Q = 9k - 6, so 7k : (9k - 6) = 7 : 8.
  3. Step 3: Solve for k

    Cross-multiply: 8(7k) = 7(9k - 6) → 56k = 63k - 42 → 7k = 42 → k = 6.
  4. Final Answer:

    P = 42, Q = 54 → Option B
  5. Quick Check:

    After decrease Q = 48 → 42:48 = 7:8 ✅
Hint: Apply the decrease/increase to the correct term and cross-multiply.
Common Mistakes: Applying the change to the wrong person or sign errors when subtracting.
4. Two quantities are in the ratio 5 : 6. If the first is decreased by 5, the ratio becomes 4 : 5. What were the original quantities?
medium
A. 120 and 144
B. 50 and 60
C. 100 and 120
D. 125 and 150

Solution

  1. Step 1: Define variables

    Let the quantities be 5x and 6x.
  2. Step 2: Apply the decrease and form the equation

    After decrease first becomes 5x - 5, so (5x - 5) : 6x = 4 : 5.
  3. Step 3: Solve for x

    Cross-multiply: 5(5x - 5) = 4(6x) → 25x - 25 = 24x → x = 25.
  4. Final Answer:

    125 and 150 → Option D
  5. Quick Check:

    After decrease first = 120 → 120:150 = 4:5 ✅
Hint: Form (a·k ± change) : (b·k ± change) = new_ratio and solve for k.
Common Mistakes: Not applying the decrease/increase to the correct term or sign mistakes.
5. Two numbers are in the ratio 4 : 5. After the first is increased by 12 and the second by 3, the ratio becomes 5 : 6. Find the original numbers.
hard
A. 256 and 320
B. 100 and 125
C. 228 and 285
D. 200 and 250

Solution

  1. Step 1: Define variables

    Let the numbers be 4x and 5x.
  2. Step 2: Apply the respective increases and form the equation

    After changes: 4x + 12 and 5x + 3, so (4x + 12) : (5x + 3) = 5 : 6.
  3. Step 3: Solve for x

    Cross-multiply: 6(4x + 12) = 5(5x + 3) → 24x + 72 = 25x + 15 → x = 57.
  4. Final Answer:

    228 and 285 → Option C
  5. Quick Check:

    After changes 240 and 288 → 240:288 = 5:6 ✅
Hint: Add respective changes first, then form the ratio equation and solve for the multiplier.
Common Mistakes: Forgetting to add/subtract the given amounts before forming the equation.

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