Normally closed (NC) contact in PLC Programming - Mini Project: Build & Apply

Understanding Normally Closed (NC) Contact in PLC Programming

📖 Scenario: You are programming a simple PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) to control a motor. The motor should stop when a safety switch is pressed. The safety switch uses a Normally Closed (NC) contact, which means the circuit is complete (closed) when the switch is not pressed, and opens when pressed.

🎯 Goal: Build a PLC ladder logic program that uses a Normally Closed (NC) contact to control a motor output. The motor should run when the safety switch is not pressed and stop when it is pressed.

📋 What You'll Learn

Create a variable called safety_switch representing the NC contact input.

Create a variable called motor representing the motor output.

Use the Normally Closed (NC) contact logic to control the motor.

Print the motor status as 'ON' or 'OFF' based on the safety switch state.

💡 Why This Matters

🌍 Real World

Normally Closed contacts are used in safety circuits to ensure machines stop when a safety switch is pressed. Understanding NC contacts helps in designing safe and reliable automation systems.

💼 Career

PLC programmers and automation technicians must understand NC contacts to implement safety interlocks and control logic correctly in industrial machines.

1

Setup Input and Output Variables

Create a variable called safety_switch and set it to True to represent the Normally Closed (NC) contact being closed (switch not pressed). Create a variable called motor and set it to False initially.

PLC Programming

# Your code here

Hint

Think of True as the NC contact being closed (circuit complete).

2

Define Normally Closed (NC) Contact Logic

Create a variable called nc_contact that represents the Normally Closed (NC) contact logic by inverting the safety_switch variable using the not operator.

PLC Programming

safety_switch = True
motor = False
# Your code here

Hint

Use not safety_switch to invert the input for NC contact behavior.

3

Control Motor Using NC Contact

Set the motor variable to True when the nc_contact is False (meaning the safety switch is not pressed). Use an if statement to assign motor = True when nc_contact is False, else motor = False.

PLC Programming

safety_switch = True
motor = False
nc_contact = not safety_switch
# Your code here

Hint

Remember, motor runs only when NC contact is closed (nc_contact is False).

4

Display Motor Status

Print the motor status as 'Motor is ON' if motor is True, otherwise print 'Motor is OFF'.

PLC Programming

safety_switch = True
motor = False
nc_contact = not safety_switch
if not nc_contact:
    motor = True
else:
    motor = False
# Your code here

Hint

Use a print statement with a conditional expression to show motor status.

Practice

1. What does a Normally Closed (NC) contact do in a PLC circuit?

easy

A. It allows current to flow when the input is OFF.

B. It allows current to flow only when the input is ON.

C. It always blocks current regardless of input.

D. It acts like a fuse that breaks the circuit permanently.

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand NC contact behavior

   A Normally Closed contact is closed (conducts electricity) when the input is OFF.

2. Step 2: Apply to PLC circuit

   This means current flows through the NC contact when the input is not activated.

3. Final Answer:

   It allows current to flow when the input is OFF. -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   NC contact closed when input OFF = B [OK]

Hint: NC contact is closed when input is OFF, open when ON [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing NC with Normally Open (NO) contact
• Thinking NC contact conducts when input is ON
• Assuming NC contact permanently blocks current

2. Which of the following is the correct way to represent a Normally Closed (NC) contact in a PLC ladder logic diagram?

easy

A. A coil symbol with a slash

B. A contact symbol without any slash or line

C. A normally open push button symbol

D. A contact symbol with a slash or line through it

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify NC contact symbol

   In ladder logic, NC contacts are shown as contacts with a slash or diagonal line through them.

2. Step 2: Compare options

   A contact symbol with a slash or line through it matches this description, while others represent different elements.

3. Final Answer:

   A contact symbol with a slash or line through it -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   NC contact symbol has slash = C [OK]

Hint: Look for slash on contact symbol for NC contact [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Choosing coil symbols instead of contact symbols
• Confusing NC with NO contact symbol
• Selecting symbols without slashes for NC

3. Given the following ladder logic snippet with an NC contact labeled X controlling output Y:

--[ /X ]--( Y )--

If input X is OFF, what will be the state of output Y?

medium

A. Output Y will toggle ON and OFF rapidly

B. Output Y will be OFF

C. Output Y will be ON

D. Output Y will be in an error state

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand NC contact behavior with input OFF

   NC contact is closed when input X is OFF, so current flows through it.

2. Step 2: Determine output state

   Since the NC contact is closed, output Y coil is energized and turns ON.

3. Final Answer:

   Output Y will be ON -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   NC contact closed when input OFF means output ON = A [OK]

Hint: NC contact closed when input OFF energizes output [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming output is OFF when input is OFF
• Confusing NC with NO contact behavior
• Thinking output toggles without cause

4. You have a ladder logic rung with an NC contact controlling a motor start coil. The motor never stops even when the stop button is pressed. What is the most likely error?

medium

A. The NC contact is wired as a Normally Open (NO) contact by mistake.

B. The motor coil is wired backwards.

C. The stop button is stuck in the ON position.

D. The NC contact is not connected to the correct input.

Solution

1. Step 1: Analyze motor never stopping

   If motor never stops, the stop control is not breaking the circuit as expected.

2. Step 2: Check NC contact wiring

   If the NC contact is wired as a Normally Open (NO) contact by mistake, pressing the stop button will not open the circuit, and the motor will keep running.

3. Final Answer:

   The NC contact is wired as a Normally Open (NO) contact by mistake. -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Motor never stops means NC contact wired as NO = D [OK]

Hint: Check if NC contact is wired as NO if stop fails [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Blaming coil wiring instead of contact wiring
• Assuming button is stuck without checking wiring
• Ignoring wrong contact type

5. In a safety circuit, a Normally Closed (NC) emergency stop button is used to control a machine. Which of the following best explains why NC contacts are preferred for emergency stops?

hard

A. Because NC contacts allow the machine to run even if the button is pressed.

B. Because if wiring fails or power is lost, the circuit opens and stops the machine safely.

C. Because NC contacts are cheaper and easier to install than NO contacts.

D. Because NC contacts keep the machine running continuously without interruption.

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand safety requirement for emergency stop

   Emergency stop must stop machine immediately and safely if pressed or if wiring fails.

2. Step 2: Explain NC contact advantage

   NC contact is closed normally, so if wiring breaks or power is lost, circuit opens and machine stops safely.

3. Final Answer:

   Because if wiring fails or power is lost, the circuit opens and stops the machine safely. -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   NC contact fails safe by opening circuit = A [OK]

Hint: NC contacts fail safe by opening on wiring failure [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking NC contacts keep machine running when pressed
• Choosing cost or installation ease over safety
• Confusing NC with NO contact behavior