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Caselet / Paragraph-Based DI

Introduction

Caselet / Paragraph-Based Data Interpretation-இல், அனைத்து data-வும் ஒழுங்கான tables அல்லது charts-ஆக இல்லாமல், ஒரு சிறிய paragraph (caselet) உள்ளே கொடுக்கப்படும். நீங்கள் sentences-லிருந்து numbers, relationships, constraints ஆகியவற்றை கவனமாக எடுத்து, அவற்றை சிறிய equations அல்லது mini-table-ஆக மாற்றி, பின்னர் தேவையான result-ஐ கணக்கிட வேண்டும்.

இந்த pattern reading comprehension மற்றும் numerical accuracy இரண்டையும் சோதிக்கும் - ஒரு phrase-ஐ தவறாகப் படிப்பது அல்லது unit-ஐ தவறவிடுவது பொதுவான பிழைகளுக்குக் காரணமாகும்.

Pattern: Caselet / Paragraph-Based DI

Pattern

Key concept: Calculation செய்வதற்கு முன் sentences-ஐ structured data-ஆக (variables/table/equations) மாற்றவும்.

Reliable approach: (1) numeric facts மற்றும் units-ஐ extract செய்யவும், (2) relationships-ஐ equations-ஆக எழுதவும், (3) ஒரு சிறிய table அல்லது variable list-ஐ உருவாக்கவும், (4) step-by-step-ஆக கணக்கிட்டு இறுதியில் arithmetic check செய்யவும்.

Step-by-Step Example

Question

கடந்த மாதம் நகரத்தில் உள்ள ஒரு பெரிய bookstore மொத்தமாக ₹5,00,000 sales பதிவு செய்தது. Manager கூறியதாவது, fiction sales மொத்த sales-ன் 40% ஆகும். Non-fiction sales ₹1,20,000 ஆக இருந்தது, மேலும் non-fiction என்பது children மற்றும் academic books-ன் combined sales-ஐ விட துல்லியமாக ₹30,000 அதிகம் என்றும் கூறினார். மேலும், children’s sales என்பது (children + academic) combined sales-ன் சரியாக one-third என்று manager விளக்கினார். மேலுள்ள தகவல்களை மட்டும் பயன்படுத்தி, கடந்த மாதம் children’s books-லிருந்து கிடைத்த தொகையை (₹-ல்) கண்டுபிடிக்கவும்.

Solution

  1. Step 1: Numbers மற்றும் units-ஐ extract செய்யவும்:

    Total sales = ₹5,00,000.
    Fiction = total-ன் 40%.
    Non-fiction = ₹1,20,000.
    Non-fiction - (children + academic) = ₹30,000 → ஆகவே (children + academic) = Non-fiction - 30,000.
    Children’s sales = (children + academic)-ன் 1/3.

  2. Step 2: தெரிந்த category values-ஐ கணக்கிடவும்:

    Fiction = 40% of 5,00,000 = 0.40 × 5,00,000 = ₹2,00,000.
    Non-fiction = ₹1,20,000 (நேரடியாக கொடுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது).

  3. Step 3: children + academic combined-ஐ கண்டுபிடிக்கவும்:

    children + academic = Non-fiction - 30,000 = 1,20,000 - 30,000 = ₹90,000.

  4. Step 4: children’s fraction-ஐ பயன்படுத்தவும்:

    Children’s sales = (1/3) × (children + academic) = (1/3) × 90,000 = ₹30,000.

  5. Step 5: Final consistency check:

    Category sums-ஐ verify செய்யவும்: Fiction (2,00,000) + Non-fiction (1,20,000) + (children + academic) (90,000) = 2,00,000 + 1,20,000 + 90,000 = ₹4,10,000. Report செய்யப்பட்ட total sales ₹5,00,000 ஆக இருப்பதால், மீதமுள்ள ₹90,000 இந்த caselet-ல் விவரிக்கப்படாத other categories-க்கு உரியது - இது children’s value-ஐ பாதிக்காது.

  6. Final Answer:

    ₹30,000 (children’s books).

  7. Quick Check:

    children + academic = 90,000 → children = 90,000-ன் 1/3 = 30,000. Non-fiction = 1,20,000, இது 90,000-ஐ விட 30,000 அதிகம் → condition satisfied ✅.

Quick Variations

1. பல categories-க்கு percentages மற்றும் ஒரு absolute value கொடுக்கப்பட்ட caselet - % → ₹-ஆக convert செய்து subtract செய்யவும்.

2. Pairwise relations உள்ள paragraph (A, B-ஐ விட 20% அதிகம்; B, C-ஐ விட 10% குறைவு) - variables set செய்து வரிசையாக solve செய்யவும்.

3. Prose-ல் embed செய்யப்பட்ட monthly figures - annual totals கணக்கிடுவதற்கு முன் month-wise numbers-ஐ mini-table-ஆக extract செய்யவும்.

Trick to Always Use

  • Step 1 → Paragraph-ஐ இரண்டு முறை படியுங்கள்: முதலில் context-க்கு, இரண்டாவது முறையில் numbers மற்றும் relationships-ஐ extract செய்ய.
  • Step 2 → உடனே ஒரு சிறிய table அல்லது variable list-ஐ எழுதுங்கள் (எ.கா., Total = …, Fiction = …, C + A = …).
  • Step 3 → Algebra / arithmetic-ஐ step-by-step-ஆக செய்து, consistency-க்கு final sum/unit check செய்யுங்கள்.

Summary

Summary

Caselet / Paragraph-Based DI pattern-இல்:

  • Paragraph-லிருந்து ஒவ்வொரு numeric fact மற்றும் அதற்கான unit-ஐ கவனமாக extract செய்யுங்கள்.
  • Relational sentences-ஐ equations அல்லது ஒரு tiny table-ஆக மாற்றுங்கள் (எ.கா., A = Total-ன் 40%, B + C = …).
  • கொடுக்கப்படாத assumptions எதையும் செய்ய வேண்டாம்; explicit-ஆக கொடுக்கப்பட்ட தகவல்களை மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்துங்கள்.
  • Step-by-step-ஆக கணக்கிட்டு, consistency-க்கு final arithmetic/sum check சேர்க்கவும்.
  • Remainder வந்தால், caselet வேறு விதமாக குறிப்பிட்டிருக்காவிட்டால் அதை implied ‘other’ category-ஆக கருதுங்கள்.

Practice

(1/5)
1.

Bookstore Monthly Sales

Last month a busy bookstore reported total sales of ₹6,00,000. The manager said fiction accounted for 35% of total sales. Non-fiction sales were reported as ₹1,50,000, and he added that non-fiction was exactly ₹40,000 more than the combined sales of children’s and academic books. Finally, the manager noted that children’s sales were exactly half of the combined children’s + academic amount. Using ONLY the information above, find the amount obtained from children’s books last month.

easy
A. ₹55,000
B. ₹45,000
C. ₹60,000
D. ₹50,000

Solution

  1. Step 1: Extract known values:

    Total = ₹6,00,000. Fiction = 35% of total. Non-fiction = ₹1,50,000. Non-fiction - (children + academic) = ₹40,000. Children = 1/2 × (children + academic).

  2. Step 2: Compute fiction and combined children+academic:

    Fiction = 0.35 × 6,00,000 = ₹2,10,000.
    children + academic = Non-fiction - 40,000 = 1,50,000 - 40,000 = ₹1,10,000.

  3. Step 3: Find children’s sales:

    Children = 1/2 × 1,10,000 = ₹55,000.

  4. Final Answer:

    ₹55,000 → Option A.

  5. Quick Check:

    children + academic = 1,10,000; Non-fiction (1,50,000) is 40,000 more than 1,10,000 ✅

Hint: Translate 'X is Y more than (A + B)' into (A + B) = X - Y, then apply given fractions.
Common Mistakes: Forgetting to convert percentages to rupees before combining with absolute amounts.
2.

Factory Production Mix

A factory produced 50,000 units this quarter across four product lines. The operations manager told you product A made up 40% of total production and product B made up 30%. The remaining units were split between C and D; of these remaining units, product C constituted 60% while D formed the rest. Using the information given, how many units of product C were produced?

easy
A. 8,000 units
B. 9,000 units
C. 10,000 units
D. 12,000 units

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify totals and percentages:

    Total production = 50,000 units. A = 40% → 0.40 × 50,000 = 20,000 units. B = 30% → 15,000 units.

  2. Step 2: Find remaining units and C’s share:

    Remaining = 50,000 - (20,000 + 15,000) = 15,000 units. C = 60% of remaining = 0.60 × 15,000 = 9,000 units.

  3. Final Answer:

    9,000 units → Option B.

  4. Quick Check:

    C + D = 15,000; C = 9,000, D = 6,000 → sums to 50,000 ✅

Hint: Subtract the big percentages first to get the remainder, then apply the given split.
Common Mistakes: Applying C's 60% to total instead of to the remaining portion.
3.

Corporate Revenue Split

Company Z reported annual revenue of ₹12,00,000 last year. In the management summary it was stated that Product A contributed 40% of the revenue. The CFO noted that Product B’s revenue was 20% less than Product A’s revenue. Based on these statements alone, what was Product B’s revenue?

easy
A. ₹3,60,000
B. ₹4,00,000
C. ₹3,84,000
D. ₹3,20,000

Solution

  1. Step 1: Compute Product A’s revenue:

    A = 40% of 12,00,000 = 0.40 × 12,00,000 = ₹4,80,000.

  2. Step 2: Compute Product B (20% less than A):

    B = A × (1 - 0.20) = 4,80,000 × 0.80 = ₹3,84,000.

  3. Final Answer:

    ₹3,84,000 → Option C.

  4. Quick Check:

    20% of 4,80,000 = 96,000 → 4,80,000 - 96,000 = 3,84,000 ✅

Hint: When something is 'X% less', multiply by (1 - X/100) of the reference value.
Common Mistakes: Subtracting percent of total instead of percent of the referenced category.
4.

Hospital Admissions Breakdown

Over a year a city hospital recorded 24,000 admissions. The medical report said that 60% of admissions were inpatients (the rest were outpatients). Of the inpatients, 55% were male and the remainder female. The female inpatients included pediatric cases that made up 20% of the female inpatient group; the rest were adult females. Using only these figures, how many adult female inpatients did the hospital have that year?

medium
A. 5,000
B. 6,480
C. 1,296
D. 5,184

Solution

  1. Step 1: Compute inpatients:

    Inpatients = 60% of 24,000 = 0.60 × 24,000 = 14,400.

  2. Step 2: Find female inpatients:

    Female% = 100% - 55% = 45% → Female inpatients = 0.45 × 14,400 = 6,480.

  3. Step 3: Subtract pediatric females to get adult females:

    Pediatric females = 20% of 6,480 = 0.20 × 6,480 = 1,296.
    Adult female inpatients = 6,480 - 1,296 = 5,184.

  4. Final Answer:

    5,184 → Option D.

  5. Quick Check:

    6,480 × 0.8 = 5,184 (adult females) ✅

Hint: Work top-down: total → inpatient → female proportion → subtract subgroup to get the required subgroup.
Common Mistakes: Mixing male/female percentages or applying pediatric% to total instead of female subset.
5.

Product Revenue Relationships

A company reported total annual sales of ₹10,00,000 across products A, B, C and D. The annual statement indicated that product A contributed exactly 30% of total sales. The CFO further said product B’s revenue was twice product C’s revenue, and product D’s revenue equalled 50% of product B’s revenue. Using only these relationships, determine product C’s revenue.

medium
A. ₹1,75,000
B. ₹1,50,000
C. ₹2,00,000
D. ₹1,00,000

Solution

  1. Step 1: Compute A and remainder:

    A = 30% of 10,00,000 = 0.30 × 10,00,000 = ₹3,00,000. Remaining for B + C + D = 10,00,000 - 3,00,000 = ₹7,00,000.

  2. Step 2: Express B and D in terms of C:

    B = 2C. D = 50% of B = 0.5 × B = 0.5 × 2C = 1C.

  3. Step 3: Sum B + C + D in terms of C:

    B + C + D = 2C + C + 1C = 4C. This equals ₹7,00,000 → 4C = 7,00,000 → C = 7,00,000 ÷ 4 = ₹1,75,000.

  4. Final Answer:

    ₹1,75,000 → Option A.

  5. Quick Check:

    B = 2 × 1,75,000 = 3,50,000; D = 0.5B = 1,75,000; Sum B+C+D = 3,50,000 + 1,75,000 + 1,75,000 = 7,00,000 ✅

Hint: Write all unknowns in terms of one variable (C) using given ratios, then solve from the remainder.
Common Mistakes: Forgetting D depends on B (50% of B), not on C directly, so form equations first.

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