RLS with multiple roles in Power BI - Cell-by-Cell Formula Trace

Sample Data

This table shows users, their assigned roles, and their regions. Roles determine what data each user can see.

Cell	Value
A1	User
B1	Role
C1	Region
A2	Alice
B2	Sales
C2	North
A3	Bob
B3	Marketing
C3	South
A4	Carol
B4	Sales
C4	East
A5	Dave
B5	Finance
C5	West

Formula Trace

FILTER(Users, Users[Role] = "Sales" || Users[Role] = "Marketing")

Step 1: Users[Role] = "Sales"

Step 2: Users[Role] = "Marketing"

Step 3: Users[Role] = "Sales" || Users[Role] = "Marketing"

Step 4: FILTER(Users, condition)

Cell Reference Map

    A       B         C
1 | User  | Role    | Region
2 | Alice | Sales   | North
3 | Bob   | Marketing | South
4 | Carol | Sales   | East
5 | Dave  | Finance | West

Formula references column B (Role) to filter rows.

The formula uses the Role column (B) to check each user's role and filter the table accordingly.

Result

    A       B         C
2 | Alice | Sales   | North
3 | Bob   | Marketing | South
4 | Carol | Sales   | East

The filtered table shows only users with roles 'Sales' or 'Marketing'. Dave with 'Finance' role is excluded.

Sheet Trace Quiz - 3 Questions

Which users are included after applying the RLS filter?

A Bob, Dave

B Alice, Dave

C Alice, Bob, Carol

D Carol, Dave

Key Result

FILTER(table, condition1 || condition2) filters rows matching either condition.

Practice

1. What does RLS with multiple roles in Power BI allow you to do?

easy

A. Control data access by assigning users to one or more roles

B. Create multiple dashboards for different users

C. Automatically refresh data at different times

D. Change the data source connection dynamically

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand RLS purpose

   RLS (Row-Level Security) controls which data a user can see based on roles.

2. Step 2: Recognize multiple roles effect

   Assigning multiple roles means a user sees data allowed by any of those roles (combined access).

3. Final Answer:

   Control data access by assigning users to one or more roles -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   RLS multiple roles = combined data access [OK]

Hint: RLS controls data visibility by roles combined with OR logic [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing RLS with dashboard creation
• Thinking RLS changes data refresh
• Believing RLS changes data source

2. Which of the following is the correct way to define a role filter in Power BI Desktop for multiple roles?

easy

A. Assign users directly in Power BI Desktop without roles

B. Use DAX filter expressions for each role separately under 'Manage Roles'

C. Write SQL queries inside Power BI Desktop to filter roles

D. Create a single role and assign all users to it

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand role creation in Power BI Desktop

   Roles are created by defining DAX filter expressions under 'Manage Roles'.

2. Step 2: Recognize multiple roles setup

   Each role has its own filter; multiple roles mean multiple filters defined separately.

3. Final Answer:

   Use DAX filter expressions for each role separately under 'Manage Roles' -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Role filters use DAX expressions in 'Manage Roles' [OK]

Hint: Define each role filter with DAX in 'Manage Roles' [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Trying to use SQL queries inside Power BI Desktop
• Assigning users directly without roles
• Using only one role for all users

3. Given two roles in Power BI: RoleA filters 'Region' = "East" and RoleB filters 'Sales' > 1000. If a user is assigned both roles, what data will they see?

medium

A. Data where Sales > 1000 but Region can be any value

B. Only data where Region = "East" AND Sales > 1000

C. Data where Region = "East" but Sales can be any value

D. Data where Region = "East" OR Sales > 1000

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand multiple roles filter logic

   When a user has multiple roles, Power BI combines filters with OR logic, not AND.

2. Step 2: Apply OR logic to given roles

   User sees data where Region = "East" OR Sales > 1000, meaning either condition allows data visibility.

3. Final Answer:

   Data where Region = "East" OR Sales > 1000 -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Multiple roles combine filters with OR [OK]

Hint: Multiple roles combine filters with OR, not AND [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming filters combine with AND logic
• Confusing role assignment with user permissions
• Thinking roles restrict data more strictly

4. You created two roles with filters but users assigned to both roles see all data. What is the most likely cause?

medium

A. Users were not assigned to roles in Power BI Service

B. Roles were created but not saved in Power BI Desktop

C. Data source connection is broken

D. Filters use AND logic instead of OR, causing no matching data

Solution

1. Step 1: Check user assignment to roles

   Even if roles exist, users must be assigned in Power BI Service to see filtered data.

2. Step 2: Understand effect of missing assignment

   If users are not assigned, RLS filters do not apply, resulting in all data visible.

3. Final Answer:

   Users were not assigned to roles in Power BI Service -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   User assignment in service is required for RLS [OK]

Hint: Assign users to roles in Power BI Service to enable RLS [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming filters combine with AND logic
• Ignoring user assignment step
• Blaming data source connection first

5. You have three roles: Role1 filters 'Country' = "USA", Role2 filters 'Product' = "A", Role3 filters 'Year' = 2023. A user is assigned Role1 and Role3. Which DAX expression correctly represents the combined filter effect for this user?

hard

A. FILTER(Table, Table[Country] = "USA" && Table[Product] = "A" && Table[Year] = 2023)

B. FILTER(Table, Table[Country] = "USA" && Table[Year] = 2023)

C. FILTER(Table, Table[Country] = "USA" || Table[Year] = 2023)

D. FILTER(Table, Table[Product] = "A" || Table[Year] = 2023)

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand role filter combination logic

   When a user has multiple roles, Power BI combines filters with OR logic, so data matching any role filter is visible.

2. Step 2: Apply OR logic to Role1 and Role3 filters

   The combined filter is where Country = "USA" OR Year = 2023, ignoring Role2 since user is not assigned to it.

3. Final Answer:

   FILTER(Table, Table[Country] = "USA" || Table[Year] = 2023) -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Multiple roles combine filters with OR [OK]

Hint: Combine multiple role filters with OR in DAX [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using AND instead of OR to combine filters
• Including filters from roles not assigned to user
• Confusing role filters with user permissions