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Cylinder, Cone, and Sphere

Introduction

Cylinder, cone और sphere ऐसे fundamental 3D solids हैं जो अक्सर containers, pipes, balls और cones से जुड़े practical problems में आते हैं। इनके surface areas और volumes निकालना समझना real-world applications और aptitude exams - दोनों के लिए ज़रूरी है।

ये सारे shapes circle से बने होते हैं, इसलिए इनकी formulas में π (pi) का बहुत इस्तेमाल होता है। यह pattern आपको curved surfaces और volume relationships को जल्दी और सही तरीके से handle करना सिखाता है।

Pattern: Cylinder, Cone, and Sphere

Pattern

मुख्य बात यह है कि सवाल में पूछा गया है - surface area, curved surface area या volume - उसके हिसाब से सही formula चुनना।

Formulas to Remember:

Cylinder:
• Volume = πr²h
• Curved Surface Area (CSA) = 2πrh
• Total Surface Area (TSA) = 2πr(h + r)

Cone:
• Volume = (1/3)πr²h
• Slant height (l) = √(r² + h²)
• CSA = πrl
• TSA = πr(l + r)

Sphere:
• Volume = (4/3)πr³
• Surface Area = 4πr²

Step-by-Step Example

Question

एक cone का radius 7 cm और height 24 cm है। इसकी slant height और curved surface area (CSA) निकालें।

Solution

  1. Step 1: Slant height (l) निकालें।

    Pythagoras theorem: l = √(r² + h²) = √(7² + 24²) = √(49 + 576) = √625 = 25 cm.
  2. Step 2: Curved surface area (CSA) निकालें।

    CSA = πrl = (22/7) × 7 × 25 = 22 × 25 = 550 cm².
  3. Final Answers:

    • Slant height = 25 cm
    • CSA = 550 cm²
  4. Quick Check:

    Values को वापस रखकर देखें: (22/7) × 7 × 25 = 550 ✅

Quick Variations

1. जब volume या surface area दिया हो, तब radius या height निकालें।

2. Same base और height वाले cone और cylinder के volumes compare करें (ratio 1:3)।

3. Tank या dome-based problems में hemisphere (half-sphere) का इस्तेमाल करें।

4. अलग-अलग solids को combine करें - जैसे cylinder पर cone या cylinder के अंदर sphere।

Trick to Always Use

  • Step 1 → Solid type पहचानें - cylinder, cone या sphere।
  • Step 2 → Formula लिखें, फिर values रखें।
  • Step 3 → Cone में हमेशा पहले slant height निकालें: √(r² + h²)।
  • Step 4 → π = 22/7 लें (जब तक कुछ और न दिया हो)।

Summary

Summary

Cylinder, Cone, and Sphere pattern में:

  • Cylinder: Volume = πr²h; TSA = 2πr(h + r)
  • Cone: Volume = (1/3)πr²h; Slant height = √(r² + h²)
  • Sphere: Volume = (4/3)πr³; Surface Area = 4πr²
  • Units हमेशा चेक करें - area cm² में, volume cm³ में।
  • Hemisphere → sphere के volume का आधा; जरूरत हो तो base area जोड़ें।

Practice

(1/5)
1. Find the volume of a cylinder with radius 7 cm and height 10 cm (Take π = 22/7).
easy
A. 1540 cm³
B. 1500 cm³
C. 1600 cm³
D. 1400 cm³

Solution

  1. Step 1: Formula.

    Volume of cylinder = πr²h.
  2. Step 2: Substitute values.

    Volume = (22/7) × 7² × 10 = (22/7) × 49 × 10.
  3. Step 3: Simplify.

    49/7 = 7 so Volume = 22 × 7 × 10 = 1540 cm³.
  4. Final Answer:

    1540 cm³ → Option A.
  5. Quick Check:

    π×49×10 with π=22/7 gives 22×70 = 1540 ✅
Hint: Square the radius first, then multiply by π and height.
Common Mistakes: Forgetting to square radius or omitting π.
2. A cone has a radius of 3.5 cm and height 10.5 cm. Find its volume. (Use π = 22/7)
easy
A. 138.60 cm³
B. 134.75 cm³
C. 135.25 cm³
D. 140.00 cm³

Solution

  1. Step 1: Formula.

    Volume of cone = (1/3)πr²h.
  2. Step 2: Substitute values.

    r = 3.5 = 7/2 so r² = 49/4; h = 10.5 = 21/2. Volume = (1/3)×(22/7)×(49/4)×(21/2).
  3. Step 3: Simplify.

    49/7 = 7, so Volume = (1/3)×22×7×21 / (4×2) = (1/3)×22×7×21/8 = (22×7×21)/(24) = 3234/24 = 134.75 cm³.
  4. Final Answer:

    134.75 cm³ → Option B.
  5. Quick Check:

    Compute r²h first (12.25×10.5=128.625); (π/3)×128.625 ≈ (22/21)×128.625 ≈ 134.75 ✅
Hint: Compute πr²h then divide by 3; keep fractions to simplify cancellations.
Common Mistakes: Omitting the 1/3 factor or using diameter instead of radius.
3. Find the curved surface area (CSA) of a cylinder of radius 14 cm and height 20 cm. (π = 22/7)
easy
A. 1680 cm²
B. 1600 cm²
C. 1760 cm²
D. 1840 cm²

Solution

  1. Step 1: Formula.

    CSA of cylinder = 2πrh.
  2. Step 2: Substitute values.

    CSA = 2 × (22/7) × 14 × 20.
  3. Step 3: Simplify.

    14/7 = 2 so CSA = 2 × 22 × 2 × 20 = 1760 → 1760 cm².
  4. Final Answer:

    1760 cm² → Option C.
  5. Quick Check:

    2πrh = 2×22/7×14×20 = 2×22×40 = 1760 ✅
Hint: Cancel 7 with 14 early: (14/7 = 2) to simplify mentally.
Common Mistakes: Using volume formula instead of CSA.
4. Find the total surface area (TSA) of a sphere with radius 7 cm (π = 22/7).
medium
A. 600 cm²
B. 650 cm²
C. 700 cm²
D. 616 cm²

Solution

  1. Step 1: Formula.

    Surface area of sphere = 4πr².
  2. Step 2: Substitute values.

    TSA = 4 × (22/7) × 7² = 4 × (22/7) × 49.
  3. Step 3: Simplify.

    49/7 = 7 so TSA = 4 × 22 × 7 = 616 cm².
  4. Final Answer:

    616 cm² → Option D.
  5. Quick Check:

    4πr² with π=22/7 gives 4×22×7 = 616 ✅
Hint: Cancel 7 with r² early to speed calculation.
Common Mistakes: Mixing up sphere surface area with cylinder formulas.
5. A cone has slant height 13 cm and radius 5 cm. Find its curved surface area (π = 22/7).
medium
A. 204.29 cm²
B. 200.19 cm²
C. 220.10 cm²
D. 245.00 cm²

Solution

  1. Step 1: Formula.

    Curved surface area (CSA) of cone = π × r × l.
  2. Step 2: Substitute values.

    CSA = (22/7) × 5 × 13 = 1430 ÷ 7 = 204.2857…
  3. Step 3: Round sensibly.

    CSA ≈ 204.29 cm².
  4. Final Answer:

    204.29 cm² → Option A.
  5. Quick Check:

    π×5×13 ≈ 3.1416×65 ≈ 204.2 - matches using 22/7 ✅
Hint: Multiply radius by slant height first (r×l), then multiply by π.
Common Mistakes: Using vertical height instead of slant height in CSA formula.

Mock Test

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