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Basic Shapes & Formulas (2D Geometry)

Introduction

Geometry की शुरुआत simple two-dimensional shapes को समझने से होती है। Aptitude exams में area और perimeter से जुड़े questions बहुत common होते हैं, और ये आपकी formula-application skill को test करते हैं।

यह pattern आपको Square, Rectangle, Triangle, और Circle पर आधारित questions को standard formulas का उपयोग करके जल्दी solve करने में मदद करता है।

Pattern: Basic Shapes & Formulas (2D Geometry)

Pattern

Main idea: Shape identify करें → Area या Perimeter का सही formula लगाएँ → Values substitute करके solve करें।

Common Formulas:
• Square → Area = a², Perimeter = 4a
• Rectangle → Area = l × b, Perimeter = 2(l + b)
• Triangle → Area = ½ × base × height
• Circle → Area = πr², Circumference = 2πr

Step-by-Step Example

Question

एक rectangular field की लंबाई 30 m और चौड़ाई 20 m है। इसका area और perimeter find करें।

Solution

  1. Step 1: Shape और data identify करें।

    Given shape एक rectangle है।
    Length (l) = 30 m, Breadth (b) = 20 m.
  2. Step 2: Formulas apply करें।

    Area = l × b
    Perimeter = 2(l + b)
  3. Step 3: Values substitute करें।

    Area = 30 × 20 = 600 m²
    Perimeter = 2(30 + 20) = 2 × 50 = 100 m
  4. Final Answer:

    Area = 600 m²
    Perimeter = 100 m
  5. Quick Check:

    दोनों values positive हैं और units consistent हैं (area → m², perimeter → m) ✅

Quick Variations

1. Area या perimeter दिए होने पर side find करना।

2. दो shapes के area या perimeter compare करना।

3. Units convert करना (जैसे cm² को m²) formula apply करने से पहले।

Trick to Always Use

  • Step 1: पहले shape identify करें - formulas कभी mix न करें।
  • Step 2: याद रखें: Perimeter → linear units; Area → squared units।
  • Step 3: Correct units हमेशा लिखें (m, m², cm² आदि)।

Summary

Summary

Basic Shapes & Formulas pattern में:

  • सबसे पहले सही geometric shape identify करें।
  • Area या perimeter का सही formula apply करें।
  • दी गई values को सही units के साथ substitute करें।
  • एक quick unit check से result verify करें।

Practice

(1/5)
1. Find the area of a square whose side is 12 m.
easy
A. 144 m²
B. 120 m²
C. 150 m²
D. 160 m²

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify shape and given data.

    Shape = Square; Side = 12 m.
  2. Step 2: Apply formula.

    Area of square = a².
  3. Step 3: Substitute values.

    Area = 12 × 12 = 144 m².
  4. Final Answer:

    Area = 144 m² → Option A.
  5. Quick Check:

    12² = 144 ✅
Hint: For a square, just square the side length.
Common Mistakes: Multiplying by 4 instead of squaring the side.
2. A rectangular plot has a length of 25 m and breadth of 15 m. Find its perimeter.
easy
A. 70 m
B. 80 m
C. 60 m
D. 50 m

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify shape and data.

    Shape = Rectangle; Length = 25 m, Breadth = 15 m.
  2. Step 2: Apply formula.

    Perimeter = 2(l + b).
  3. Step 3: Substitute values.

    Perimeter = 2(25 + 15) = 2 × 40 = 80 m.
  4. Final Answer:

    Perimeter = 80 m → Option B.
  5. Quick Check:

    Perimeter = 2(40) = 80 ✅
Hint: Add length and breadth first, then multiply by 2.
Common Mistakes: Forgetting to multiply by 2 after adding sides.
3. The base of a triangle is 18 cm and its height is 10 cm. Find its area.
easy
A. 80 cm²
B. 100 cm²
C. 90 cm²
D. 120 cm²

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify shape and given data.

    Shape = Triangle; Base = 18 cm, Height = 10 cm.
  2. Step 2: Apply formula.

    Area = ½ × base × height.
  3. Step 3: Substitute values.

    Area = ½ × 18 × 10 = 9 × 10 = 90 cm².
  4. Final Answer:

    Area = 90 cm² → Option C.
  5. Quick Check:

    Half of (18×10)=90 ✅
Hint: For triangles, take half the product of base and height.
Common Mistakes: Forgetting to divide by 2 after multiplying base and height.
4. Find the circumference of a circle with radius 7 cm. (Use π = 22/7)
medium
A. 49 cm
B. 50 cm
C. 42 cm
D. 44 cm

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify given data.

    Radius = 7 cm.
  2. Step 2: Apply formula.

    Circumference = 2πr.
  3. Step 3: Substitute values.

    = 2 × (22/7) × 7 = 2 × 22 = 44 cm.
  4. Final Answer:

    Circumference = 44 cm → Option D.
  5. Quick Check:

    7 cancels with 7, 2×22=44 ✅
Hint: Remember: Circumference = 2 × π × r.
Common Mistakes: Using πr² (area formula) instead of 2πr.
5. A square and a rectangle have the same perimeter of 40 m. The rectangle’s length is 12 m. Find its breadth.
medium
A. 8 m
B. 10 m
C. 12 m
D. 14 m

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify shape and formula.

    Rectangle’s Perimeter = 2(l + b) = 40.
  2. Step 2: Substitute known values.

    2(12 + b) = 40 → 12 + b = 20 → b = 8.
  3. Step 3: Compute result.

    So breadth = 8 m.
  4. Final Answer:

    Breadth = 8 m → Option A.
  5. Quick Check:

    2(12 + 8) = 40 ✅
Hint: Always halve the perimeter before subtracting the known side sum.
Common Mistakes: Forgetting to divide perimeter by 2 before solving for breadth.

Mock Test

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