Browser options and capabilities in Selenium Python - Interactive Code Practice

Practice - 5 Tasks

1fill in blank

easy

Complete the code to create a ChromeOptions object.

Selenium Python

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import ChromeOptions
options = [1]()

Drag options to blanks, or click blank then click option'

AOptions

BChromeOptions

CChromeDriver

DWebDriver

Attempts:

3 left

💡 Hint

Common Mistakes

Using 'Options' instead of 'ChromeOptions' causes an error because the import is specific.

Using 'WebDriver' or 'ChromeDriver' instead of options class.

The ChromeOptions class is used to set options for Chrome browser in Selenium.

2fill in blank

medium

Complete the code to add the argument to start Chrome maximized.

Selenium Python

options = ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument([1])

Drag options to blanks, or click blank then click option'

A'--start-maximized'

B'--incognito'

C'--headless'

D'--disable-extensions'

Attempts:

3 left

💡 Hint

Common Mistakes

Using '--headless' starts Chrome without UI, not maximized.

Using '--incognito' opens private mode, not maximized.

The argument '--start-maximized' tells Chrome to open maximized.

3fill in blank

hard

Fix the error in the code to set the experimental option to disable automation info bar.

Selenium Python

options = ChromeOptions()
options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', [1])

Drag options to blanks, or click blank then click option'

A['enable-automation']

B'enable-automation'

C['disable-automation']

D'disable-automation'

Attempts:

3 left

💡 Hint

Common Mistakes

Passing a string instead of a list causes a type error.

Using 'disable-automation' is incorrect switch name.

The excludeSwitches option expects a list of strings. Using a list with 'enable-automation' disables the info bar.

4fill in blank

hard

Fill both blanks to create a Firefox profile and set it in FirefoxOptions.

Selenium Python

from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import FirefoxOptions
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile
profile = FirefoxProfile()
options = FirefoxOptions()
options.[1] = profile
browser = webdriver.Firefox(options=options, [2]=profile)

Drag options to blanks, or click blank then click option'

Aprofile

Bfirefox_profile

Cset_profile

Dprofile_path

Attempts:

3 left

💡 Hint

Common Mistakes

Using 'set_profile' instead of 'profile' attribute.

Passing 'profile_path' instead of 'firefox_profile' to driver.

The profile attribute of FirefoxOptions is set to the FirefoxProfile object. The firefox_profile parameter is passed to the Firefox driver.

5fill in blank

hard

Fill all three blanks to create ChromeOptions, add headless argument, and set window size.

Selenium Python

options = ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument([1])
options.add_argument([2])
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
# Verify window size is set to 1920x1080
size = driver.get_window_size()
assert size['width'] == [3] and size['height'] == 1080

Drag options to blanks, or click blank then click option'

A'--headless=new'

B'--window-size=1920,1080'

C1920

D'--headless'

Attempts:

3 left

💡 Hint

Common Mistakes

Using old '--headless' may cause different behavior.

Passing window size as separate arguments instead of one string.

Comparing width to string instead of integer.

Use '--headless=new' for modern headless mode, set window size with '--window-size=1920,1080', and check width as integer 1920.

Practice

1. What is the main purpose of using Options in Selenium WebDriver for browsers?

easy

A. To customize browser settings like headless mode or window size

B. To write test assertions for page elements

C. To locate elements on a web page

D. To generate test reports automatically

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand what Options configure

   Options allow you to set how the browser behaves during tests, such as running headless or setting window size.

2. Step 2: Differentiate Options from other tasks

   Options do not handle locating elements, assertions, or reports; those are separate tasks.

3. Final Answer:

   To customize browser settings like headless mode or window size -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Options = Browser customization [OK]

Hint: Options control browser behavior, not test logic [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing Options with element locators
• Thinking Options generate reports
• Mixing Options with assertion logic

2. Which of the following is the correct way to set Chrome to run in headless mode using Selenium in Python?

easy

A. options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('--headless')

B. options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.set_headless(True)

C. options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.headless = True

D. options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_option('headless')

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall correct method to add arguments

   In Selenium Python, add_argument is used to add command line switches like '--headless'.

2. Step 2: Check each option's syntax

   Only options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() options.add_argument('--headless') uses add_argument('--headless') correctly; others use invalid or non-existent methods.

3. Final Answer:

   options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() options.add_argument('--headless') -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Use add_argument('--headless') for headless mode [OK]

Hint: Use add_argument('--headless') to enable headless mode [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using non-existent set_headless method
• Assigning headless attribute directly
• Using add_option instead of add_argument

3. What will be the effect of the following Python Selenium code snippet?

from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()
options.set_preference('dom.webnotifications.enabled', False)
driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)
driver.get('https://example.com')

medium

A. Code will raise an error due to invalid method

B. Firefox will launch but notifications will still appear

C. Firefox will launch with notifications disabled on the page

D. Firefox will launch in headless mode

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand set_preference usage

   The method set_preference sets Firefox preferences; here it disables web notifications.

2. Step 2: Analyze the effect on browser behavior

   Passing these options to Firefox disables notifications on pages, so no pop-ups appear.

3. Final Answer:

   Firefox will launch with notifications disabled on the page -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   set_preference disables notifications [OK]

Hint: set_preference disables features like notifications [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming notifications still appear
• Confusing set_preference with add_argument
• Thinking code runs headless by default

4. Identify the error in this Selenium Python code snippet that tries to disable browser notifications in Chrome:

from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.set_preference('profile.default_content_setting_values.notifications', 2)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

medium

A. The value 2 is invalid for disabling notifications

B. set_preference is not a method of ChromeOptions

C. Options must be passed as capabilities, not options

D. ChromeOptions cannot disable notifications

Solution

1. Step 1: Check ChromeOptions methods

   ChromeOptions does not have a method called set_preference; this is Firefox-specific.

2. Step 2: Correct way to disable notifications in Chrome

   Chrome uses add_experimental_option with 'prefs' dictionary to disable notifications.

3. Final Answer:

   set_preference is not a method of ChromeOptions -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Use add_experimental_option for Chrome prefs [OK]

Hint: ChromeOptions uses add_experimental_option, not set_preference [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using Firefox methods on ChromeOptions
• Passing wrong values for notification settings
• Confusing options with capabilities

5. You want to run Chrome in headless mode, disable notifications, and accept insecure certificates using Selenium in Python. Which code snippet correctly sets all these options?

hard

A. options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.headless = True
options.add_experimental_option('prefs', {'notifications': 0})
options.set_capability('acceptInsecureCerts', False)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

B. options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('headless')
options.set_preference('notifications', False)
options.set_capability('acceptInsecureCerts', True)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

C. options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('--headless')
options.add_argument('--disable-notifications')
options.accept_insecure_certs = True
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

D. options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('--headless')
options.add_experimental_option('prefs', {'profile.default_content_setting_values.notifications': 2})
options.set_capability('acceptInsecureCerts', True)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

Solution

1. Step 1: Set headless mode correctly

   Use add_argument('--headless') to enable headless mode in ChromeOptions.

2. Step 2: Disable notifications properly

   Use add_experimental_option('prefs', {'profile.default_content_setting_values.notifications': 2}) to disable notifications.

3. Step 3: Accept insecure certificates

   Set capability acceptInsecureCerts to True using set_capability.

4. Final Answer:

   options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() options.add_argument('--headless') options.add_experimental_option('prefs', {'profile.default_content_setting_values.notifications': 2}) options.set_capability('acceptInsecureCerts', True) driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) -> Option D

5. Quick Check:

   Combine add_argument, add_experimental_option, set_capability [OK]

Hint: Use add_argument, add_experimental_option, set_capability together [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Missing '--' in headless argument
• Using set_preference on ChromeOptions
• Setting acceptInsecureCerts to False by mistake