Conftest for shared fixtures in Selenium Python

Introduction

We use conftest.py to share setup code called fixtures across many test files. This saves time and keeps tests clean.

When multiple test files need the same browser setup.

When you want to open and close a browser only once for many tests.

When you want to share login steps for different tests.

When you want to keep test code simple by moving setup outside tests.

When you want to reuse data or objects across tests.

Syntax

Selenium Python

import pytest

@pytest.fixture
def fixture_name():
    # setup code
    yield resource
    # teardown code

Fixtures are functions marked with @pytest.fixture.

Use yield to return the resource and then run cleanup after tests.

Examples

This fixture opens a Chrome browser before tests and closes it after.

Selenium Python

import pytest

@pytest.fixture
def browser():
    from selenium import webdriver
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    yield driver
    driver.quit()

This fixture opens Firefox once per test session, sharing it across tests.

Selenium Python

import pytest

@pytest.fixture(scope='session')
def browser():
    from selenium import webdriver
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()
    yield driver
    driver.quit()

Sample Program

This test file uses the shared browser fixture from conftest.py style setup. It opens Chrome for each test and closes it after.

Selenium Python

import pytest
from selenium import webdriver

@pytest.fixture
def browser():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    yield driver
    driver.quit()


def test_google_title(browser):
    browser.get('https://www.google.com')
    assert 'Google' in browser.title


def test_python_org_title(browser):
    browser.get('https://www.python.org')
    assert 'Python' in browser.title

Important Notes

Put conftest.py in the root test folder to share fixtures automatically.

Fixtures can have scopes: function (default), class, module, session.

Use fixtures to keep tests simple and avoid repeating setup code.

Summary

conftest.py holds shared fixtures for setup and cleanup.

Fixtures help reuse browser or data setup across tests.

Use @pytest.fixture and yield to manage resources.

Practice

1. What is the main purpose of a conftest.py file in Selenium Python testing?

easy

A. To hold shared fixtures for setup and cleanup across multiple test files

B. To store test data in JSON format

C. To define Selenium WebDriver locators

D. To write test cases directly

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the role of conftest.py

   The conftest.py file is used to define fixtures that can be shared across multiple test files for setup and cleanup tasks.

2. Step 2: Differentiate from other files

   It does not store test data, locators, or test cases directly but provides reusable setup code like browser initialization.

3. Final Answer:

   To hold shared fixtures for setup and cleanup across multiple test files -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   conftest.py = shared fixtures [OK]

Hint: Remember: conftest.py shares setup code across tests [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing conftest.py with test case files
• Thinking conftest.py stores test data
• Using conftest.py to write test assertions

2. Which of the following is the correct way to declare a fixture in conftest.py using pytest?

easy

A. def browser(): yield webdriver.Chrome()

B. @pytest.fixture
def browser(): yield webdriver.Chrome()

C. fixture browser(): yield webdriver.Chrome()

D. @fixture def browser(): return webdriver.Chrome()

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify correct fixture decorator usage

   pytest fixtures require the @pytest.fixture decorator above the function to mark it as a fixture.

2. Step 2: Check syntax correctness

   @pytest.fixture def browser(): yield webdriver.Chrome() correctly uses @pytest.fixture and a generator with yield to provide the resource.

3. Final Answer:

   @pytest.fixture\ndef browser(): yield webdriver.Chrome() -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Use @pytest.fixture decorator [OK]

Hint: Always prefix fixture functions with @pytest.fixture [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Omitting @pytest.fixture decorator
• Using wrong decorator name like @fixture
• Not using yield for setup/teardown

3. Given this fixture in conftest.py:

@pytest.fixture
def browser():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    yield driver
    driver.quit()

What happens when a test uses this fixture?

medium

A. The browser never opens because yield is missing

B. The browser opens and closes immediately before the test runs

C. The browser opens but never closes

D. The browser opens before the test and closes after the test finishes

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand yield in fixture

   The yield statement pauses the fixture, providing the driver to the test, then resumes after the test to run cleanup.

2. Step 2: Analyze setup and teardown

   Driver is created before yield (browser opens), and driver.quit() runs after test finishes (browser closes).

3. Final Answer:

   The browser opens before the test and closes after the test finishes -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   yield = setup before, cleanup after [OK]

Hint: yield splits setup and teardown in fixtures [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking yield closes browser immediately
• Forgetting driver.quit() after yield
• Assuming browser stays open forever

4. You wrote this fixture in conftest.py:

@pytest.fixture
def browser():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    return driver
    driver.quit()

What is the problem with this fixture?

medium

A. driver.quit() is never called, so browser stays open after tests

B. Syntax error because return and yield cannot be used together

C. Fixture will not provide the driver to tests

D. driver.quit() runs before driver is created

Solution

1. Step 1: Analyze return and driver.quit() placement

   Since return exits the function immediately, driver.quit() after it never runs.

2. Step 2: Understand impact on browser lifecycle

   Without driver.quit(), the browser stays open after tests, causing resource leaks.

3. Final Answer:

   driver.quit() is never called, so browser stays open after tests -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   return ends function before cleanup [OK]

Hint: Use yield, not return, to ensure cleanup runs [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Placing driver.quit() after return
• Using return instead of yield for fixtures
• Expecting cleanup code after return to run

5. You want to share a browser fixture in conftest.py that opens Chrome once per test session and closes it after all tests finish. Which fixture scope and code is correct?

hard

A. @pytest.fixture(scope='function')
def browser():
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
yield driver
driver.quit()

B. @pytest.fixture(scope='module')
def browser():
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.quit()
yield driver

C. @pytest.fixture(scope='session')
def browser():
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
yield driver
driver.quit()

D. @pytest.fixture(scope='session')
def browser():
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.quit()
yield driver

Solution

1. Step 1: Choose correct fixture scope for session-wide browser

   Using scope='session' makes the fixture run once per test session.

2. Step 2: Verify setup and teardown order with yield

   Driver is created before yield (browser opens), and driver.quit() runs after all tests finish.

3. Final Answer:

   @pytest.fixture(scope='session')\ndef browser():\n driver = webdriver.Chrome()\n yield driver\n driver.quit() -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   scope='session' + yield = one browser per session [OK]

Hint: Use scope='session' and yield for one browser per session [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using scope='function' for session-wide browser
• Calling driver.quit() before yield
• Yielding after driver.quit()