Page factory pattern in Selenium Python - Test Execution Trace

Test Overview

This test uses the Page Factory pattern to locate and interact with a login page's username, password fields, and login button. It verifies that after login, the page shows a welcome message.

Test Code - Selenium

Selenium Python

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.page_factory import PageFactory
import unittest

class LoginPage:
    username = (By.ID, "username")
    password = (By.ID, "password")
    login_button = (By.ID, "loginBtn")

    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
        PageFactory.init_elements(self.driver, self)

    def login(self, user, pwd):
        self.username.clear()
        self.username.send_keys(user)
        self.password.clear()
        self.password.send_keys(pwd)
        self.login_button.click()

class TestLogin(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.get("https://example.com/login")
        self.login_page = LoginPage(self.driver)

    def test_valid_login(self):
        self.login_page.login("testuser", "testpass")
        # Wait for welcome message
        welcome = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "welcomeMsg"))
        )
        self.assertEqual(welcome.text, "Welcome, testuser!")

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

Execution Trace - 5 Steps

Step	Action	System State	Assertion	Result
1	Test starts and Chrome browser opens	Browser window is open at https://example.com/login	-	PASS
2	LoginPage object initializes and locates username, password, and login button elements using PageFactory	Username, password fields and login button are found on the page	-	PASS
3	Test inputs 'testuser' in username field and 'testpass' in password field, then clicks login button	Login form is submitted	-	PASS
4	Waits up to 10 seconds for welcome message element with ID 'welcomeMsg' to appear	Welcome message element appears with text 'Welcome, testuser!'	Check that welcome message text equals 'Welcome, testuser!'	PASS
5	Test ends and browser closes	Browser window is closed	-	PASS

Failure Scenario

Failing Condition: Welcome message element with ID 'welcomeMsg' does not appear after login

Execution Trace Quiz - 3 Questions

What does the Page Factory pattern help with in this test?

A Locating and initializing web elements once for reuse

B Automatically generating test data

C Running tests in parallel

D Capturing screenshots on failure

Key Result

Using the Page Factory pattern helps keep element locators organized and reusable, making tests easier to maintain and read.