Action methods in page class in Selenium Python

Introduction

Action methods help you perform tasks on a web page like clicking buttons or typing text. They keep your test code clean and easy to understand.

When you want to click a button on a web page during a test.

When you need to enter text into a form field automatically.

When you want to select an option from a dropdown menu.

When you want to check if a page element is visible before interacting.

When you want to reuse common page actions in multiple tests.

Syntax

Selenium Python

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class PageClass:
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver

    def action_method(self):
        element = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'element_id')
        element.click()

Action methods are inside a page class that represents a web page.

They use locators to find elements and perform actions like click or send keys.

Examples

This method clicks the login button on the page.

Selenium Python

def click_login_button(self):
    login_button = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'loginBtn')
    login_button.click()

This method types the given username into the username field.

Selenium Python

def enter_username(self, username):
    username_field = self.driver.find_element(By.NAME, 'username')
    username_field.clear()
    username_field.send_keys(username)

This method checks if an error message is visible on the page.

Selenium Python

def is_error_displayed(self):
    error = self.driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, 'error')
    return error.is_displayed()

Sample Program

This test script opens a login page, enters username and password using action methods, clicks login, and prints a confirmation message.

Selenium Python

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class LoginPage:
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver

    def enter_username(self, username):
        user_field = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'username')
        user_field.clear()
        user_field.send_keys(username)

    def enter_password(self, password):
        pass_field = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'password')
        pass_field.clear()
        pass_field.send_keys(password)

    def click_login(self):
        login_btn = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'loginBtn')
        login_btn.click()

# Test script

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://example.com/login')

login_page = LoginPage(driver)
login_page.enter_username('testuser')
login_page.enter_password('mypassword')
login_page.click_login()

print('Login action performed')
driver.quit()

Important Notes

Use clear() before send_keys() to avoid leftover text.

Keep locators private inside the page class for easy updates.

Action methods should do one clear task for easy reuse.

Summary

Action methods perform tasks on web page elements inside a page class.

They help keep test code clean and reusable.

Use them to click, type, or check elements during tests.