Handling multiple pages in Selenium Python - Test Execution Trace

Test Overview

This test opens a website, clicks a link that opens a new page, switches to the new page, and verifies the new page's title.

Test Code - Selenium

Selenium Python

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import unittest

class TestMultiplePages(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(5)

    def test_switch_to_new_page(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get('https://example.com')

        original_window = driver.current_window_handle

        # Click link that opens new page
        link = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, 'More information...')
        link.click()

        # Wait for new window
        WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2))

        # Switch to new window
        for window_handle in driver.window_handles:
            if window_handle != original_window:
                driver.switch_to.window(window_handle)
                break

        # Verify new page title
        self.assertEqual(driver.title, 'IANA — IANA-managed Reserved Domains')

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

Execution Trace - 8 Steps

Step	Action	System State	Assertion	Result
1	Test starts and Chrome browser opens	Browser window is open and ready	-	PASS
2	Navigates to 'https://example.com'	Example.com homepage is loaded	-	PASS
3	Stores current window handle as original_window	One browser tab open with example.com	-	PASS
4	Finds link with text 'More information...' and clicks it	New browser tab/window opens with new page	-	PASS
5	Waits until number of windows is 2	Two browser tabs/windows open	Number of windows equals 2	PASS
6	Switches to the new window that is not original_window	Driver controls new browser tab/window	-	PASS
7	Checks that new page title is 'IANA — IANA-managed Reserved Domains'	New page is fully loaded	Page title equals expected string	PASS
8	Test ends and browser closes	No browser windows open	-	PASS

Failure Scenario

Failing Condition: The link with text 'More information...' is not found or new window does not open

Execution Trace Quiz - 3 Questions

What does the test do after clicking the link that opens a new page?

A Refreshes the current page

B Closes the original window immediately

C Waits for the new window to open and switches to it

D Clicks the link again

Key Result

Always store the original window handle before opening a new page, then wait for the new window and switch to it before interacting or asserting on the new page.