Verify navigation and content on multiple pages

Preconditions (2)

Step 1: Open the browser and navigate to 'https://example.com/home'

Step 2: Click on the link with text 'About Us' to go to the About page

Step 3: Verify the URL changes to 'https://example.com/about'

Step 4: Verify the page contains the heading 'About Our Company'

Step 5: Click on the link with text 'Contact' to go to the Contact page

Step 6: Verify the URL changes to 'https://example.com/contact'

Step 7: Verify the page contains the heading 'Contact Information'

✅ Expected Result: The browser navigates correctly between pages, URLs update accordingly, and the correct headings appear on each page.

Automation Requirements - Selenium with Python

Assertions Needed:

Verify current URL after navigation

Verify presence and text of page headings

Best Practices:

Use explicit waits to wait for elements to be visible

Use By locators with meaningful selectors

Switch between pages by clicking links and verifying URL changes

Close the browser after test completion

Automated Solution

Selenium Python

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC


def test_multiple_page_navigation():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
    try:
        # Step 1: Open home page
        driver.get('https://example.com/home')

        # Step 2: Click 'About Us' link
        about_link = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.LINK_TEXT, 'About Us')))
        about_link.click()

        # Step 3: Verify URL is about page
        wait.until(EC.url_to_be('https://example.com/about'))
        assert driver.current_url == 'https://example.com/about', f"Expected URL to be 'https://example.com/about' but got {driver.current_url}"

        # Step 4: Verify heading on About page
        about_heading = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.TAG_NAME, 'h1')))
        assert about_heading.text == 'About Our Company', f"Expected heading 'About Our Company' but got '{about_heading.text}'"

        # Step 5: Click 'Contact' link
        contact_link = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.LINK_TEXT, 'Contact')))
        contact_link.click()

        # Step 6: Verify URL is contact page
        wait.until(EC.url_to_be('https://example.com/contact'))
        assert driver.current_url == 'https://example.com/contact', f"Expected URL to be 'https://example.com/contact' but got {driver.current_url}"

        # Step 7: Verify heading on Contact page
        contact_heading = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.TAG_NAME, 'h1')))
        assert contact_heading.text == 'Contact Information', f"Expected heading 'Contact Information' but got '{contact_heading.text}'"

    finally:
        driver.quit()

This test script uses Selenium WebDriver with Python to automate the manual test case.

We start by opening the browser and navigating to the home page URL.

We use explicit waits to wait until the 'About Us' link is clickable, then click it.

We wait until the URL changes to the About page URL and assert it matches exactly.

We then wait for the heading element (assumed to be an <h1>) to be visible and check its text.

Next, we click the 'Contact' link similarly, wait for the URL to update, and verify the heading on the Contact page.

Finally, we close the browser in a finally block to ensure cleanup even if assertions fail.

This approach uses best practices like explicit waits and meaningful locators to make the test reliable and readable.

Common Mistakes - 4 Pitfalls

Using time.sleep() instead of explicit waits

Using XPath with absolute paths like /html/body/div[2]/a

Not verifying URL after navigation

Not closing the browser after test

Bonus Challenge

Now add data-driven testing with 3 different navigation paths and verify their URLs and headings.

Show Hint