Handling multiple pages in Selenium Python - Practice Problems & Coding Challenges

Challenge - 5 Problems

❓ Predict Output

intermediate

What is the output of this Selenium Python code snippet?

Consider the following code that opens a new tab and switches to it. What will be printed?

Selenium Python

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://example.com')

original_window = browser.current_window_handle
browser.execute_script("window.open('https://example.org', '_blank');")
time.sleep(1)

for handle in browser.window_handles:
    if handle != original_window:
        browser.switch_to.window(handle)
        break

print(browser.title)
browser.quit()

A NoSuchWindowException

B Example Domain - example.org

C Example Domain

D selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException

💡 Hint

Remember that the new tab opens 'https://example.org' and the title of that page is 'Example Domain'.

The code opens 'https://example.com' first, then opens a new tab with 'https://example.org'. It switches to the new tab and prints its title, which is 'Example Domain'. Both example.com and example.org have the same title.

❓ assertion

intermediate

Which assertion correctly verifies the switch to a new window?

You have switched to a new window in Selenium. Which assertion correctly checks that the current window handle is not the original one?

Selenium Python

original_window = driver.current_window_handle
# code to open new window and switch to it

# Which assertion is correct?

A assert driver.current_window_handle == original_window

B assert driver.current_window_handle != original_window

C assert driver.window_handles == original_window

D assert driver.current_window_handle in original_window

💡 Hint

After switching, the current window handle should be different from the original.

The current window handle after switching should not be the same as the original window handle, so option B is correct.

❓ locator

advanced

Which locator strategy is best to find a link that opens a new tab?

You want to find a link that opens a new tab when clicked. The link has text 'Open New Tab' and attribute target='_blank'. Which locator is best?

A driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//a[@target="_blank" and text()="Open New Tab"]')

B driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'a[target="_blank"]')

C driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, 'Open New Tab')

D driver.find_element(By.ID, 'open-new-tab')

💡 Hint

Use a locator that matches both the attribute and the visible text for precision.

Option A uses XPath to match both the target attribute and the link text, making it the most precise locator.

🔧 Debug

advanced

Why does this Selenium code raise NoSuchWindowException?

Review the code below. Why does it raise NoSuchWindowException when trying to switch windows?

Selenium Python

driver.get('https://example.com')
original = driver.current_window_handle
# Open new tab
driver.execute_script("window.open('https://example.org');")
# Incorrect switch
for handle in driver.window_handles:
    if handle == original:
        driver.switch_to.window(handle)
        break

# Trying to interact with new tab here

A The code switches back to the original window instead of the new one

B The new window handle is not in driver.window_handles

C The driver.execute_script syntax is invalid

D The browser does not support multiple tabs

💡 Hint

Check which window handle the code switches to.

The code switches to the original window handle instead of the new one, so when trying to interact with the new tab, it causes NoSuchWindowException.

❓ framework

expert

In a Selenium test framework, how to best handle multiple tabs to ensure tests are reliable?

You design a Selenium test framework that opens multiple tabs during tests. Which practice best ensures tests remain reliable and maintainable?

A Keep all tabs open and switch randomly between them as needed

B Open all tabs at the start and never close any during tests

C Use time.sleep() to wait for tabs to load before switching

D Always switch back to the original window after each tab interaction and close extra tabs

💡 Hint

Think about test isolation and resource cleanup.

Switching back to the original window and closing extra tabs prevents side effects and resource leaks, making tests more reliable.

Practice

1. What does driver.window_handles return in Selenium?

easy

A. The URL of the current page

B. The current active window handle only

C. The title of the current page

D. A list of all open browser window handles

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand what window handles represent

   Window handles are unique IDs for each open browser window or tab.

2. Step 2: Identify what driver.window_handles returns

   This property returns a list of all window handles currently opened by the driver.

3. Final Answer:

   A list of all open browser window handles -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   window_handles = list of all windows [OK]

Hint: Remember: window_handles lists all open pages [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing window_handles with current window handle
• Expecting window_handles to return page titles or URLs
• Using window_handles as a single string instead of a list

2. Which is the correct syntax to switch to a new browser tab in Selenium Python?

easy

A. driver.switch_to_tab(driver.window_handles[1])

B. driver.switch_window(driver.window_handles[1])

C. driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])

D. driver.change_window(driver.window_handles[1])

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall the correct method to switch windows

   The Selenium method to switch windows is driver.switch_to.window().

2. Step 2: Check the syntax for switching to the second tab

   Use the second handle in the list: driver.window_handles[1].

3. Final Answer:

   driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1]) -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Use switch_to.window with window_handles index [OK]

Hint: Use switch_to.window() with window_handles index [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using non-existent methods like switch_window or switch_to_tab
• Forgetting to use driver.switch_to
• Using wrong index for window_handles

3. What will the following code print if two tabs are open and the first tab's title is 'Home' and second tab's title is 'About'?

main_window = driver.current_window_handle
all_windows = driver.window_handles
for window in all_windows:
    driver.switch_to.window(window)
    print(driver.title)

medium

A. ["Home", "About"]

B. ["About", "Home"]

C. Only "Home"

D. Only "About"

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the loop over all window handles

   The code loops over all open windows and switches to each one in order.

2. Step 2: Print the title of each window after switching

   It prints the title of each tab in the order of window_handles list, which is usually the order tabs opened.

3. Final Answer:

   ["Home", "About"] -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Loop prints titles of all tabs in order [OK]

Hint: Loop over window_handles prints all tab titles [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming only current tab title prints
• Mixing order of window handles
• Not switching before printing title

4. Identify the error in this code snippet that tries to switch back to the main window after opening a new tab:

main_window = driver.current_window_handle
# code to open new tab
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])
# do something
# switch back
driver.switch_to.window(main_window())

medium

A. Missing import for switch_to

B. main_window is called like a function with parentheses

C. driver.window_handles[1] is invalid index

D. No error, code is correct

Solution

1. Step 1: Check how main_window is used

   main_window is a string handle, but code calls main_window() as a function, which is incorrect.

2. Step 2: Identify correct usage to switch back

   Should use driver.switch_to.window(main_window) without parentheses.

3. Final Answer:

   main_window is called like a function with parentheses -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Window handle is a string, not a function [OK]

Hint: Window handles are strings, don't add () [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Calling window handle variables as functions
• Using wrong index for window_handles
• Assuming switch_to needs import

5. You open multiple tabs during a test. How do you ensure you always return to the original tab after closing the new ones?

hard

A. Save the original window handle before opening new tabs and switch back using it

B. Use driver.close() on all tabs except the last one

C. Call driver.quit() to close all tabs and restart the browser

D. Switch to the last window handle in driver.window_handles list

Solution

1. Step 1: Save the original window handle before opening new tabs

   This allows you to remember which tab was the main one.

2. Step 2: After closing new tabs, switch back to the saved original handle

   Use driver.switch_to.window(original_handle) to return safely.

3. Final Answer:

   Save the original window handle before opening new tabs and switch back using it -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Save and reuse original handle to return [OK]

Hint: Always save main window handle before opening tabs [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming last window handle is original
• Closing tabs without switching back
• Using driver.quit() which ends session