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What is the overall time complexity of using the XOR operation to find the single unique number in an array of size n?

medium📊 Complexity Q5 of Q15
Bit Manipulation - Single Number (XOR Self-Cancellation)
What is the overall time complexity of using the XOR operation to find the single unique number in an array of size n?
AO(n)
BO(n log n)
CO(n²)
DO(log n)
Step-by-Step Solution
Solution:
  1. Step 1: Analyze XOR iteration

    The algorithm iterates once through the array, applying XOR to each element.
  2. Step 2: Determine complexity

    Each XOR operation is O(1), so total time is proportional to n.
  3. Final Answer:

    O(n) -> Option B
  4. Quick Check:

    Single pass, constant work per element [OK]
Quick Trick: Single pass XOR is linear time [OK]
Common Mistakes:
MISTAKES
  • Confusing with sorting complexity
  • Assuming nested loops increase complexity
  • Thinking bitwise ops are costly
Trap Explanation:
PITFALL
  • Sorting or nested loops are common misconceptions increasing complexity
Interviewer Note:
CONTEXT
  • Tests knowledge of algorithmic time complexity for XOR-based solutions
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