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Age/Year-Based Puzzle

Introduction

Age / Year-Based puzzles में लोगों को उनकी age या birth year के आधार पर order किया जाता है। ऐसे प्रश्न numeric comparison, sequencing और relational clues को ध्यान से पढ़ने की skill विकसित करते हैं।

यह pattern बहुत उपयोगी है क्योंकि इससे mixed-sequence DI और ranking-type problems आसानी से solve होते हैं।

Pattern: Age/Year-Based Puzzle

Pattern

मुख्य विचार यह है कि comparative age statements को ordered positions (older → left या earlier year) में बदलें और दिए गए birth years का उपयोग करके absolute positions fix करें।

आमतौर पर आपको direct birth years और relative clues जैसे “older than”, “younger than”, “born before/after”, या exact year-difference को combine करना होता है।

Step-by-Step Example

Question

पाँच students - A, B, C, D और E - के birth years 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998 हैं। Clues: 1️⃣ D का जन्म 1994 में हुआ। 2️⃣ A, C से बड़ा है लेकिन B से छोटा। 3️⃣ E सबसे छोटा है।

सबसे बड़ा कौन है?

Options:

  • A) A
  • B) B
  • C) C
  • D) D

Solution

  1. Step 1: Years की ordering (older → younger)

    Years हैं: 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998 - 1990 सबसे पुराना, 1998 सबसे नया।

  2. Step 2: Fixed year place करें

    D = 1994 → middle position में आएगा: _ _ D _ _

  3. Step 3: “E सबसे छोटा है”

    Youngest → 1998 → E = 1998 → _ _ D _ E

  4. Step 4: A, B, C का comparative clue

    A, C से बड़ा लेकिन B से छोटा → order: B > A > C (older से younger)

  5. Step 5: Remaining years assign करें

    बचे हुए तीन years (oldest → youngest): 1990, 1992, 1996 D और E already fixed हैं। Chain B > A > C को fit करें → B = 1990, A = 1992, C = 1996

  6. Final Answer:

    B → Option B

  7. Quick Check:

    D = 1994 सही ✅ E = 1998 youngest सही ✅ B (1990) > A (1992) > C (1996) सही ✅

Quick Variations

1️⃣ Exact year differences (जैसे A, B से 3 साल बड़ा है)।

2️⃣ कुछ birth years direct दिए होते हैं, बाकी relative - दोनों mix करने होते हैं।

3️⃣ Ages दिए हों तो current year से birth year निकाला जाता है।

4️⃣ Month-level comparison (same year लेकिन अलग महीना) - consistent ordering जरूरी।

Trick to Always Use

  • Step 1: Years को पहले oldest → youngest order में लिखें।
  • Step 2: Fixed years (जैसे D = 1994) पहले place करें।
  • Step 3: Comparative chains (A > B > C) को slots में उसी क्रम में fit करें।
  • Step 4: Quick Check करें - हर clue को final arrangement के साथ verify करें।

Summary

Summary

  • Comparative clues को पहले relative ordering में बदलें (older → earlier year)।
  • Absolute birth years को anchor की तरह use करें।
  • Remaining slots में ordered relations (B > A > C) fit करें।
  • Final answer देने से पहले हमेशा Quick Check करें।

याद रखने वाला उदाहरण:
1990-1998 तक years हों और D fixed हो 1994 पर, E youngest हो 1998 पर - तो पहले anchors रखें, फिर B > A > C को बाकी years में fill करें।

Practice

(1/5)
1. Five friends - A, B, C, D, and E - were born in different years: 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991, and 1993. D is older than C but younger than B. A is younger than C. E is older than B. Who is the youngest among them?
easy
A. B
B. A
C. C
D. D

Solution

  1. Step 1: Translate comparative clues

    From clues: E > B > D > C > A (older → younger).

  2. Step 2: Map years (oldest → youngest)

    Assign years accordingly: E = 1985, B = 1987, D = 1989, C = 1991, A = 1993.

  3. Step 3: Identify youngest

    The youngest person is A.

  4. Final Answer:

    A → Option B

  5. Quick Check:

    E (1985) oldest, A (1993) youngest; ordering E > B > D > C > A holds ✅
Hint: Write the order oldest → youngest first, then plug years in descending order.
Common Mistakes: Mixing up relative comparisons when several 'older/younger' clues appear.
2. Four persons - J, K, L, and M - have different ages. L is older than M but younger than K. J is older than L. Who is the second youngest?
easy
A. M
B. K
C. L
D. J

Solution

  1. Step 1: Convert clues to relations

    K > L > M and J > L. Both J and K are older than L, but no relation is given between J and K.

  2. Step 2: Identify the youngest and second youngest

    M is the only person with someone definitively older (L), and no one is younger than M → M is youngest. L has people above (at least J and K) and M below → L is second youngest in every possible arrangement.

  3. Final Answer:

    L → Option C
Hint: When one person is younger than exactly one other and that other has multiple people above, the middle person is fixed as second youngest.
Common Mistakes: Assuming a relation between J and K that is not given in the clues.
3. Six people - P, Q, R, S, T, and U - were born in different years between 1980 and 1990. P is older than R but younger than S. T is younger than U but older than Q. T is younger than P. T is older than R. U is older than P. S is the oldest. Who is younger than P but older than Q?
medium
A. T
B. R
C. U
D. S

Solution

  1. Step 1: Extract given chains

    From the clues we have the chains: S > P > R and U > T > Q.

  2. Step 2: Apply the added constraints

    Extra constraints: T < P, T > R, and U > P. These force P > T > R and place U above P.

  3. Step 3: Merge into a single consistent order

    Combining all clues gives the unique ordering (oldest → youngest): S > U > P > T > R > Q.

  4. Step 4: Identify the required person

    The only person younger than P and older than Q is T.

  5. Final Answer:

    T → Option A
Hint: Add bridging constraints (T < P, T > R, U > P) to force a unique position when merging independent chains.
Common Mistakes: Forgetting the bridging constraints creates multiple valid orders and ambiguity.
4. Five employees - A, B, C, D, and E - joined their company in different years: 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009. A joined before D but after B. E joined after D. If C joined earliest, who joined in 2005?
medium
A. B
B. C
C. D
D. A

Solution

  1. Step 1: Decode order clues

    C joined earliest → first. From others: B earlier than A, A earlier than D, and E after D → order among remaining: B > A > D > E.

  2. Step 2: Full order (earliest → latest)

    C, B, A, D, E.

  3. Step 3: Assign years

    C = 2001, B = 2003, A = 2005, D = 2007, E = 2009.

  4. Final Answer:

    A → Option D

  5. Quick Check:

    A in 2005 fits B earlier and D later; all clues satisfied ✅
Hint: Convert 'before/after' info directly into sequence, then map years in increasing order.
Common Mistakes: Assigning years in reverse (treating earlier as larger year).
5. Six people - R, S, T, U, V, and W - were born in different years: 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1988, and 1990. R is younger than T but older than S. U is older than T. W is younger than V but older than R. Who is the oldest?
medium
A. U
B. T
C. V
D. S

Solution

  1. Step 1: Translate clues to order

    From clues: S < R < T and U > T. Also V > W > R.

  2. Step 2: Merge chains logically

    One consistent full order (oldest → youngest) is: U > V > W > T > R > S.

  3. Step 3: Identify oldest

    The oldest person is U.

  4. Final Answer:

    U → Option A

  5. Quick Check:

    U oldest, V > W > R > S, and S < R < T all satisfied ✅
Hint: Link overlapping chains (e.g., R in two chains) to find a single consistent ordering.
Common Mistakes: Misplacing elements that appear in multiple comparison chains.

Mock Test

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