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Missing Data / Logical DI

Introduction

Missing Data / Logical Data Interpretation (DI) problems में किसी table, chart या paragraph में कुछ values जानबूझकर छोड़ी जाती हैं। आपको दिए हुए totals, ratios, averages या relationships का उपयोग करके logically उन missing entries को निकालना होता है। यह pattern reasoning और algebraic setup को मज़बूत करता है - खासकर exam-style DI में जहाँ dataset के कुछ हिस्से छुपे होते हैं।

Pattern: Missing Data / Logical DI

Pattern

मुख्य concept: totals, differences, ratios या averages से equations बनाकर missing values recover करें।

Typical approaches:

  1. दिए गए table/paragraph को unknowns के लिए variables में बदलें।
  2. Totals, row/column sums, averages या ratio relationships से equations लिखें।
  3. System को step-by-step solve करें (substitute या eliminate) और units जाँचें।
  4. हमेशा final sum या average check करें ताकि consistency सुनिश्चित हो सके।

Step-by-Step Example

Question

नीचे दिया गया table Products P और Q की quarterly sales (₹ lakh में) दिखाता है। एक cell missing है।

QuarterProduct PProduct QTotal (P+Q)
Q1403070
Q255-110
Q36045105
Q4455095

Find: Q2 में Product Q का missing value।

Solution

  1. Step 1: Known और unknown पहचानें:

    Q2 में: Product P = 55 (₹ lakh), Product Q = unknown (x), Total = 110.

  2. Step 2: Total से equation बनाएं:

    P + Q = 110 → 55 + x = 110.

  3. Step 3: x के लिए solve करें:

    x = 110 - 55 = ₹55 lakh.

  4. Final Answer:

    ₹55 lakh (Product Q in Q2).

  5. Quick Check:

    Q2 total = 55 + 55 = 110 ✅. बाकी totals भी context में सही बैठते हैं।

Quick Variations

1. Row totals और column values दी हों लेकिन एक column missing हो - grand total से subtract करें।

2. Missing average या count - Average = Total ÷ Count का उपयोग करके equation बनाएं।

3. कई cells missing हों और row/column ratios दिए हों - ratios को parts में बदलकर variables assign करें और simultaneous equations solve करें।

Trick to Always Use

  • Step 1 → हर missing value को variable (x, y, z) दें और सभी संभव equations लिखें (row sums, column sums, ratios, averages)।
  • Step 2 → Substitution/elimination का उपयोग करें: system को एक-variable equation तक reduce करें।
  • Step 3 → Values वापस original table में रखकर full sum/average check करें ताकि arithmetic में कोई गलती न रहे।

Summary

Summary

Missing Data / Logical DI problems में:

  • Unknown cells को तुरंत variables में convert करें।
  • Totals, averages या ratio relationships से equations बनाएं।
  • Guess न करें - systematically solve करें।
  • अंत में हमेशा consistency check करें (row/column sums, averages या grand total)।

Practice

(1/5)
1.

Quarterly Sales Report (Missing Entry)

The table shows quarterly sales (in ₹ lakh) for Products A and B. One entry is missing. Use the given totals to find the missing data.

QuarterProduct AProduct BTotal (A + B)
Q1354580
Q240-85
Q35060110
Q4454085

Find the missing value for Product B in Q2.

easy
A. ₹45 lakh
B. ₹40 lakh
C. ₹50 lakh
D. ₹55 lakh

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify knowns:

    Q2 total = 85; Product A in Q2 = 40.

  2. Step 2: Use total formula:

    Product A + Product B = Total → 40 + B = 85.

  3. Step 3: Solve:

    B = 85 - 40 = .

  4. Final Answer:

    ₹45 lakh → Option A.

  5. Quick Check:

    40 + 45 = 85 ✅

Hint: Subtract the known product value from the total to get the missing one.
Common Mistakes: Adding instead of subtracting when solving for the missing value.
2.

Employee Distribution (One Department Missing)

A company's workforce is divided into three departments: HR, Sales, and Tech. The table shows headcounts, but one value is missing.

DepartmentEmployees
HR40
Sales-
Tech100
Total180

Find the number of employees in Sales.

easy
A. 40
B. 35
C. 50
D. 60

Solution

  1. Step 1: Build equation from total:

    HR + Sales + Tech = Total → 40 + Sales + 100 = 180.

  2. Step 2: Solve for Sales:

    Sales = 180 - (40 + 100) = 180 - 140 = .

  3. Final Answer:

    40 → Option A.

  4. Quick Check:

    40 + 40 + 100 = 180 ✅

Hint: Subtract the sum of known department counts from the total to get the missing department.
Common Mistakes: Forgetting to include all known departments when subtracting from the total.
3.

College Attendance Data (Missing Average)

A college recorded monthly average attendance (in %) for four months. The overall average attendance for all months was 75%. Three months' data are known as shown below.

MonthAttendance %
January70
February80
March-
April75

Find the missing March attendance percentage.

easy
A. 72%
B. 75%
C. 74%
D. 78%

Solution

  1. Step 1: Use average formula:

    (January + February + March + April) ÷ 4 = 75 → (70 + 80 + x + 75) ÷ 4 = 75.

  2. Step 2: Solve for x:

    70 + 80 + x + 75 = 300 → 225 + x = 300 → x = 75.

  3. Final Answer:

    → Option B.

  4. Quick Check:

    (70 + 80 + 75 + 75) ÷ 4 = 300 ÷ 4 = 75 ✅

Hint: Multiply the overall average by the count to get the total, then subtract known months.
Common Mistakes: Forgetting to multiply average by the number of months before subtracting known values.
4.

Production Summary (Missing Yearly Output)

A factory’s total 3-year production was 7,200 units. The table shows production for 2021 and 2022. Find missing 2023 production.

YearProduction (units)
20212,100
20222,300
2023-
Total7,200

Find the production in 2023.

medium
A. 2,700
B. 2,800
C. 2,900
D. 3,000

Solution

  1. Step 1: Sum known years:

    2021 + 2022 = 2,100 + 2,300 = 4,400 units.

  2. Step 2: Subtract from total:

    2023 = Total - (2021 + 2022) = 7,200 - 4,400 = units.

  3. Final Answer:

    2,800 → Option B.

  4. Quick Check:

    2,100 + 2,300 + 2,800 = 7,200 ✅

Hint: Use Total - Sum(known entries) to find the missing year's output.
Common Mistakes: Adding totals instead of subtracting known values from the grand total.
5.

Regional Sales Distribution (Logic-Based Missing Value)

A company’s sales data (₹ lakh) for four regions are given below. The East region’s sales are equal to the average of North and South. The total for all regions is ₹500 lakh. Find the sales for the East region.

RegionSales (₹ lakh)
North120
South160
East-
West80
Total500
medium
A. 120
B. 150
C. 160
D. 140

Solution

  1. Step 1: Compute East from average rule:

    East = (North + South) ÷ 2 = (120 + 160) ÷ 2 = 280 ÷ 2 = .

  2. Step 2: Verify with total:

    Check sum: 120 + 160 + 140 + 80 = 500 → matches the given total, so East = 140 is consistent.

  3. Final Answer:

    140 → Option D.

  4. Quick Check:

    Average(120,160)=140 and total sum = 500 ✅

Hint: Compute the average first, then confirm that all region totals sum to the grand total.
Common Mistakes: Using the grand total without checking that the average condition is satisfied.

Mock Test

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