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Finding Missing Number (Average)

Introduction

कई average problems में कुछ numbers दिए होते हैं और average दिया होता है। आपका काम होता है उस missing number को ढूँढना जो average को सही रखे।

यह pattern average formula को reverse तरीके से समझने में बहुत मदद करता है।

Pattern: Finding Missing Number (Average)

Pattern

सबसे ज़रूरी idea: Total = Average × Number of terms.

अगर एक number missing है, तो formula:
Missing number = Total - Sum of given numbers

Step-by-Step Example

Question

5 numbers का average 18 है। चार numbers 12, 15, 20 और 25 हैं। Missing number निकालें।

Options:

  • A) 15
  • B) 16
  • C) 18
  • D) 20

Solution

  1. Step 1: Total sum निकालें

    Total = 18 × 5 = 90.
  2. Step 2: दिए हुए numbers को जोड़ें

    Sum = 12 + 15 + 20 + 25 = 72.
  3. Step 3: Missing value निकालें

    Missing number = 90 - 72 = 18.
  4. Final Answer:

    18 → Option C
  5. Quick Check:

    (12 + 15 + 20 + 25 + 18) ÷ 5 = 90 ÷ 5 = 18 ✅

Quick Variations

1. Average और total count दिए हों तो missing value आसानी से मिल जाती है।

2. अगर एक से ज़्यादा values missing हों तो extra condition की ज़रूरत पड़ती है।

3. Marks, ages, scorecard जैसे questions में यह pattern बहुत common है।

Trick to Always Use

  • Total = Average × Count
  • Given numbers का sum subtract कर दो

Summary

Summary

  • Total हमेशा निकालें: Total = Average × Count.
  • Given values का sum subtract करके missing value पाएं।
  • Quick verification के लिए दोबारा average निकालें।
  • Marks, runs, ages, data table problems में useful method।

Example याद रखें:
Average = 18, Count = 5 → Total = 90. Given Sum = 72 → Missing number = 18.

Practice

(1/5)
1. The average of 4 numbers is 10. Three of them are 8, 12, and 9. Find the missing number.
easy
A. 11
B. 12
C. 13
D. 10

Solution

  1. Step 1: Calculate the total required sum

    Total of 4 numbers = 10 × 4 = 40.
  2. Step 2: Add the known numbers

    Sum of given numbers = 8 + 12 + 9 = 29.
  3. Step 3: Subtract to find the missing value

    Missing number = 40 - 29 = 11.
  4. Final Answer:

    11 → Option A
  5. Quick Check:

    (8 + 12 + 9 + 11) ÷ 4 = 40 ÷ 4 = 10 ✅
Hint: Total = Average × Count, then subtract known sum.
Common Mistakes: Dividing sum of given numbers directly by total count instead of subtracting.
2. The average of 5 numbers is 20. Four numbers are 18, 22, 25, and 15. Find the missing number.
easy
A. 20
B. 18
C. 22
D. 25

Solution

  1. Step 1: Determine the total sum required

    Total of 5 numbers = 20 × 5 = 100.
  2. Step 2: Add the known four numbers

    Sum of given numbers = 18 + 22 + 25 + 15 = 80.
  3. Step 3: Subtract to get the missing number

    Missing number = 100 - 80 = 20.
  4. Final Answer:

    20 → Option A
  5. Quick Check:

    (18 + 22 + 25 + 15 + 20) ÷ 5 = 100 ÷ 5 = 20 ✅
Hint: Subtract known numbers’ sum from the total to get the missing value.
Common Mistakes: Forgetting to multiply average by total terms first.
3. The average of 6 numbers is 14. If five of them are 12, 15, 18, 10, and 16, find the missing number.
easy
A. 12
B. 13
C. 14
D. 15

Solution

  1. Step 1: Compute the required total

    Total of 6 numbers = 14 × 6 = 84.
  2. Step 2: Sum the known five numbers

    12 + 15 + 18 + 10 + 16 = 71.
  3. Step 3: Subtract to find the missing number

    Missing number = 84 - 71 = 13.
  4. Final Answer:

    13 → Option B
  5. Quick Check:

    (12 + 15 + 18 + 10 + 16 + 13) ÷ 6 = 84 ÷ 6 = 14 ✅
Hint: Always verify total - given sum matches an option.
Common Mistakes: Mis-summing the given numbers.
4. The average of 8 numbers is 25. If 7 numbers are 20 each, find the missing number.
medium
A. 60
B. 50
C. 30
D. 40

Solution

  1. Step 1: Calculate the total sum needed

    Total of 8 numbers = 25 × 8 = 200.
  2. Step 2: Compute the sum of the repeated values

    Sum of 7 numbers = 7 × 20 = 140.
  3. Step 3: Subtract to find the missing value

    Missing number = 200 - 140 = 60.
  4. Final Answer:

    60 → Option A
  5. Quick Check:

    (140 + 60) ÷ 8 = 200 ÷ 8 = 25 ✅
Hint: If several numbers are equal, compute quickly with multiplication.
Common Mistakes: Mistaking average for one of the numbers.
5. The average of 10 numbers is 12. If 9 numbers add up to 100, find the missing number.
medium
A. 22
B. 20
C. 18
D. 15

Solution

  1. Step 1: Find the total of all numbers

    Total of 10 numbers = 12 × 10 = 120.
  2. Step 2: Identify the known sum

    Sum of 9 numbers = 100.
  3. Step 3: Subtract to find the missing number

    Missing number = 120 - 100 = 20.
  4. Final Answer:

    20 → Option B
  5. Quick Check:

    (100 + 20) ÷ 10 = 120 ÷ 10 = 12 ✅
Hint: Compute total first and subtract the known sum.
Common Mistakes: Multiplying given sum by average instead of subtracting.

Mock Test

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