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G01 linear interpolation (cutting feed) in CNC Programming - Step-by-Step Execution

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Concept Flow - G01 linear interpolation (cutting feed)
Start G01 Command
↓
Set Feed Rate
↓
Move Tool in Straight Line
↓
Reach Target Coordinates
↓
Stop or Next Command
The G01 command moves the CNC tool in a straight line at a set cutting feed rate from the current position to the target coordinates.
Execution Sample
CNC Programming
N10 G01 X10 Y5 F100
N20 G01 X20 Y15
N30 G00 X0 Y0
Moves the tool linearly to X10 Y5 at feed rate 100, then to X20 Y15 at same feed, then rapid move home.
Execution Table
StepCommandFeed Rate (F)Target Position (X,Y)ActionTool Position After
1N10 G01 X10 Y5 F100100(10,5)Move linearly at feed 100(10,5)
2N20 G01 X20 Y15100(20,15)Move linearly at feed 100(20,15)
3N30 G00 X0 Y0N/A(0,0)Rapid move (not cutting)(0,0)
💡 Program ends or next command after rapid move to home position.
Variable Tracker
VariableStartAfter Step 1After Step 2After Step 3
Tool Position(0,0)(10,5)(20,15)(0,0)
Feed Rate (F)N/A100100N/A
Key Moments - 3 Insights
Why does the feed rate stay the same in step 2 even though it's not specified?
Because the feed rate set in step 1 (F100) remains active until changed, as shown in execution_table row 2.
What is the difference between G01 and G00 commands in this example?
G01 moves the tool linearly at a controlled feed rate (cutting), while G00 moves rapidly without cutting, as seen in execution_table steps 1-3.
Why does the tool position update after each command?
Because each command moves the tool to new coordinates, updating the position variable as tracked in variable_tracker.
Visual Quiz - 3 Questions
Test your understanding
Look at the execution_table, what is the tool position after step 2?
A(0,0)
B(10,5)
C(20,15)
D(15,10)
💡 Hint
Check the 'Tool Position After' column in execution_table row 2.
At which step does the feed rate first get set to 100?
AStep 3
BStep 1
CStep 2
DFeed rate is never set
💡 Hint
Look at the 'Feed Rate (F)' column in execution_table row 1.
If the feed rate F200 was added to step 2, how would the feed rate change in variable_tracker after step 2?
AIt would change to 200
BIt would remain 100
CIt would become N/A
DIt would reset to 0
💡 Hint
Feed rate updates when specified in the command, see how it was set in step 1 and carried over in step 2.
Concept Snapshot
G01 command moves tool in a straight line at set feed rate.
Syntax: G01 X... Y... F... (F sets feed rate).
Feed rate stays until changed.
Used for cutting moves.
G00 is rapid move (non-cutting).
Tool position updates after each move.
Full Transcript
The G01 command in CNC programming moves the tool in a straight line at a controlled feed rate. When you write G01 with coordinates and a feed rate F, the machine moves the tool from its current position to the target position at that speed. If you omit the feed rate in the next G01 command, the machine keeps using the last feed rate set. The tool position updates after each command, showing where the tool is now. G00 commands move the tool quickly without cutting. This example shows moving to (10,5) at feed 100, then to (20,15) at the same feed, then a rapid move home.

Practice

(1/5)
1. What does the G01 command do in CNC programming?
easy
A. Moves the tool rapidly without cutting
B. Changes the tool automatically
C. Stops the machine immediately
D. Moves the tool in a straight line at a controlled cutting speed

Solution

  1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of G01

    The G01 command is used for linear interpolation, meaning it moves the tool in a straight line.

  2. Step 2: Recognize the feed rate role

    G01 moves the tool at a set feed rate, which controls cutting speed, unlike rapid moves (G00).

  3. Final Answer:

    Moves the tool in a straight line at a controlled cutting speed -> Option D

  4. Quick Check:

    G01 = Linear cutting move [OK]
Hint: G01 means straight line move with cutting feed [OK]
Common Mistakes:
  • Confusing G01 with rapid move G00
  • Thinking G01 stops the machine
  • Assuming G01 changes tools
2. Which of the following is the correct syntax for a G01 command to move to X=10, Y=5 at feed rate 150?
easy
A. G01 X10 Y5 150F
B. G01 X10 Y5 F150
C. G01 F150 X10 Y5
D. G01 X=10 Y=5 F=150

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify correct order and format

    The standard syntax places G01 first, followed by coordinates and feed rate with no equal signs.

  2. Step 2: Check feed rate format

    Feed rate is specified as F followed by the number, no equal sign or reversed order.

  3. Final Answer:

    G01 X10 Y5 F150 -> Option B

  4. Quick Check:

    Correct G01 syntax = G01 X10 Y5 F150 [OK]
Hint: Coordinates then feed rate, no equal signs [OK]
Common Mistakes:
  • Using equal signs (=) in commands
  • Placing feed rate before coordinates incorrectly
  • Writing feed rate as number then F
3. What is the result of this CNC code snippet?
G01 X20 Y10 F100
G01 X30 Y10
medium
A. Moves to (20,10) at default feed, then moves to (30,10) at feed 100
B. Moves to (20,10) at feed 100, then moves to (30,10) at default feed
C. Moves to (20,10) at feed 100, then moves to (30,10) at feed 100
D. Syntax error due to missing feed rate in second line

Solution

  1. Step 1: Analyze first line

    G01 moves to X20 Y10 at feed rate 100, setting feed rate for subsequent moves.

  2. Step 2: Analyze second line

    Second G01 moves to X30 Y10 without feed rate, so it uses the last set feed rate 100.

  3. Final Answer:

    Moves to (20,10) at feed 100, then moves to (30,10) at feed 100 -> Option C

  4. Quick Check:

    Feed rate persists until changed = Moves to (20,10) at feed 100, then moves to (30,10) at feed 100 [OK]
Hint: Feed rate stays until changed explicitly [OK]
Common Mistakes:
  • Assuming feed rate resets each line
  • Thinking missing feed causes error
  • Confusing feed rate with rapid move
4. Identify the error in this CNC code:
G01 X50 Y25 F200
G01 X60 Y30 F
medium
A. Missing feed rate value after F in second line
B. Coordinates are invalid
C. G01 command cannot be repeated twice
D. Feed rate must be before coordinates

Solution

  1. Step 1: Check second line syntax

    The second line has 'F' with no number after it, which is invalid syntax.

  2. Step 2: Validate other parts

    Coordinates are valid, G01 can repeat, and feed rate can come after coordinates.

  3. Final Answer:

    Missing feed rate value after F in second line -> Option A

  4. Quick Check:

    F must have a number after it [OK]
Hint: F must always have a number after it [OK]
Common Mistakes:
  • Ignoring missing feed rate value
  • Thinking feed rate order matters
  • Assuming repeated G01 is wrong
5. You want to cut a straight line from (0,0) to (50,50) with feed rate 120, then move rapidly to (0,0). Which code sequence is correct?
hard
A. G01 X50 Y50 F120 G00 X0 Y0
B. G00 X50 Y50 F120 G01 X0 Y0
C. G01 X50 Y50 G00 X0 Y0 F120
D. G01 X50 Y50 F120 G01 X0 Y0 F0

Solution

  1. Step 1: Use G01 for cutting move

    Cutting move with feed rate 120 requires G01 to move from (0,0) to (50,50).

  2. Step 2: Use G00 for rapid move back

    Rapid move back to (0,0) uses G00 without feed rate.

  3. Final Answer:

    G01 X50 Y50 F120 G00 X0 Y0 -> Option A

  4. Quick Check:

    Cut with G01, rapid with G00 [OK]
Hint: Cut with G01, rapid return with G00 [OK]
Common Mistakes:
  • Using G00 for cutting moves
  • Setting feed rate on rapid moves
  • Using feed rate zero to stop feed
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