G01 linear interpolation (cutting feed) in CNC Programming

Introduction

G01 is used to move the cutting tool in a straight line at a controlled speed. This helps make precise cuts on the material.

When you want to cut a straight line on a workpiece.

When moving the tool slowly to shape or finish a part.

When you need exact control over the tool speed during cutting.

When programming simple straight cuts in CNC milling or turning.

When transitioning between points with a cutting feed rate.

Syntax

CNC Programming

G01 X[value] Y[value] Z[value] F[feed_rate]

X, Y, Z specify the end point coordinates of the straight line.

F sets the feed rate, or how fast the tool moves while cutting.

Examples

Move in a straight line to X=50, Y=0 at feed rate 100 units/min.

CNC Programming

G01 X50 Y0 F100

Move straight down to Z=-5 at feed rate 50 units/min.

CNC Programming

G01 Z-5 F50

Move in a straight line to X=10, Y=10, Z=0 at feed rate 200 units/min.

CNC Programming

G01 X10 Y10 Z0 F200

Sample Program

This program cuts a square shape by moving the tool in straight lines at controlled speeds. It starts above the work, moves down to cutting depth, then cuts four sides of a square, and finally moves up.

CNC Programming

G21 ; Set units to millimeters
G90 ; Use absolute positioning
G00 X0 Y0 Z5 ; Rapid move to start position above work
G01 Z-2 F100 ; Move down to cut depth at feed 100
G01 X50 Y0 F150 ; Cut straight line to X=50, Y=0
G01 X50 Y50 F150 ; Cut straight line to X=50, Y=50
G01 X0 Y50 F150 ; Cut straight line to X=0, Y=50
G01 X0 Y0 F150 ; Cut straight line back to start
G00 Z5 ; Rapid move up to safe height

Important Notes

Always set the feed rate (F) when using G01 to control cutting speed.

G01 moves in a straight line between points; use G02 or G03 for arcs.

Use absolute (G90) or incremental (G91) positioning to control how coordinates are interpreted.

Summary

G01 moves the tool in a straight line at a set feed rate for cutting.

Coordinates specify the end point of the move.

Feed rate controls how fast the tool moves during the cut.

Practice

1. What does the G01 command do in CNC programming?

easy

A. Moves the tool rapidly without cutting

B. Changes the tool automatically

C. Stops the machine immediately

D. Moves the tool in a straight line at a controlled cutting speed

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of G01

   The G01 command is used for linear interpolation, meaning it moves the tool in a straight line.

2. Step 2: Recognize the feed rate role

   G01 moves the tool at a set feed rate, which controls cutting speed, unlike rapid moves (G00).

3. Final Answer:

   Moves the tool in a straight line at a controlled cutting speed -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   G01 = Linear cutting move [OK]

Hint: G01 means straight line move with cutting feed [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing G01 with rapid move G00
• Thinking G01 stops the machine
• Assuming G01 changes tools

2. Which of the following is the correct syntax for a G01 command to move to X=10, Y=5 at feed rate 150?

easy

A. G01 X10 Y5 150F

B. G01 X10 Y5 F150

C. G01 F150 X10 Y5

D. G01 X=10 Y=5 F=150

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify correct order and format

   The standard syntax places G01 first, followed by coordinates and feed rate with no equal signs.

2. Step 2: Check feed rate format

   Feed rate is specified as F followed by the number, no equal sign or reversed order.

3. Final Answer:

   G01 X10 Y5 F150 -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Correct G01 syntax = G01 X10 Y5 F150 [OK]

Hint: Coordinates then feed rate, no equal signs [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using equal signs (=) in commands
• Placing feed rate before coordinates incorrectly
• Writing feed rate as number then F

3. What is the result of this CNC code snippet?

G01 X20 Y10 F100
G01 X30 Y10

medium

A. Moves to (20,10) at default feed, then moves to (30,10) at feed 100

B. Moves to (20,10) at feed 100, then moves to (30,10) at default feed

C. Moves to (20,10) at feed 100, then moves to (30,10) at feed 100

D. Syntax error due to missing feed rate in second line

Solution

1. Step 1: Analyze first line

   G01 moves to X20 Y10 at feed rate 100, setting feed rate for subsequent moves.

2. Step 2: Analyze second line

   Second G01 moves to X30 Y10 without feed rate, so it uses the last set feed rate 100.

3. Final Answer:

   Moves to (20,10) at feed 100, then moves to (30,10) at feed 100 -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Feed rate persists until changed = Moves to (20,10) at feed 100, then moves to (30,10) at feed 100 [OK]

Hint: Feed rate stays until changed explicitly [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming feed rate resets each line
• Thinking missing feed causes error
• Confusing feed rate with rapid move

4. Identify the error in this CNC code:

G01 X50 Y25 F200
G01 X60 Y30 F

medium

A. Missing feed rate value after F in second line

B. Coordinates are invalid

C. G01 command cannot be repeated twice

D. Feed rate must be before coordinates

Solution

1. Step 1: Check second line syntax

   The second line has 'F' with no number after it, which is invalid syntax.

2. Step 2: Validate other parts

   Coordinates are valid, G01 can repeat, and feed rate can come after coordinates.

3. Final Answer:

   Missing feed rate value after F in second line -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   F must have a number after it [OK]

Hint: F must always have a number after it [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Ignoring missing feed rate value
• Thinking feed rate order matters
• Assuming repeated G01 is wrong

5. You want to cut a straight line from (0,0) to (50,50) with feed rate 120, then move rapidly to (0,0). Which code sequence is correct?

hard

A. G01 X50 Y50 F120
G00 X0 Y0

B. G00 X50 Y50 F120
G01 X0 Y0

C. G01 X50 Y50
G00 X0 Y0 F120

D. G01 X50 Y50 F120
G01 X0 Y0 F0

Solution

1. Step 1: Use G01 for cutting move

   Cutting move with feed rate 120 requires G01 to move from (0,0) to (50,50).

2. Step 2: Use G00 for rapid move back

   Rapid move back to (0,0) uses G00 without feed rate.

3. Final Answer:

   G01 X50 Y50 F120 G00 X0 Y0 -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Cut with G01, rapid with G00 [OK]

Hint: Cut with G01, rapid return with G00 [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using G00 for cutting moves
• Setting feed rate on rapid moves
• Using feed rate zero to stop feed