G01 linear interpolation (cutting feed) in CNC Programming

Introduction

G01 is used to move the cutting tool in a straight line at a controlled speed. This helps make precise cuts on the material.

When you want to cut a straight line on a workpiece.

When moving the tool slowly to shape or finish a part.

When you need exact control over the tool speed during cutting.

When programming simple straight cuts in CNC milling or turning.

When transitioning between points with a cutting feed rate.

Syntax

CNC Programming

G01 X[value] Y[value] Z[value] F[feed_rate]

X, Y, Z specify the end point coordinates of the straight line.

F sets the feed rate, or how fast the tool moves while cutting.

Examples

Move in a straight line to X=50, Y=0 at feed rate 100 units/min.

CNC Programming

G01 X50 Y0 F100

Move straight down to Z=-5 at feed rate 50 units/min.

CNC Programming

G01 Z-5 F50

Move in a straight line to X=10, Y=10, Z=0 at feed rate 200 units/min.

CNC Programming

G01 X10 Y10 Z0 F200

Sample Program

This program cuts a square shape by moving the tool in straight lines at controlled speeds. It starts above the work, moves down to cutting depth, then cuts four sides of a square, and finally moves up.

CNC Programming

G21 ; Set units to millimeters
G90 ; Use absolute positioning
G00 X0 Y0 Z5 ; Rapid move to start position above work
G01 Z-2 F100 ; Move down to cut depth at feed 100
G01 X50 Y0 F150 ; Cut straight line to X=50, Y=0
G01 X50 Y50 F150 ; Cut straight line to X=50, Y=50
G01 X0 Y50 F150 ; Cut straight line to X=0, Y=50
G01 X0 Y0 F150 ; Cut straight line back to start
G00 Z5 ; Rapid move up to safe height

Important Notes

Always set the feed rate (F) when using G01 to control cutting speed.

G01 moves in a straight line between points; use G02 or G03 for arcs.

Use absolute (G90) or incremental (G91) positioning to control how coordinates are interpreted.

Summary

G01 moves the tool in a straight line at a set feed rate for cutting.

Coordinates specify the end point of the move.

Feed rate controls how fast the tool moves during the cut.