Verify login functionality using test functions and classes

Preconditions (2)

Step 1: Open the login page URL

Step 2: Enter 'testuser' in the username input field with id 'username'

Step 3: Enter 'Test@1234' in the password input field with id 'password'

Step 4: Click the login button with id 'loginBtn'

Step 5: Wait for the page to load and verify the URL is 'https://example.com/dashboard'

Step 6: Verify that the element with id 'welcomeMessage' contains text 'Welcome, testuser!'

✅ Expected Result: User is successfully logged in and redirected to the dashboard page with a welcome message displayed

Automation Requirements - pytest with selenium

Assertions Needed:

Assert current URL is 'https://example.com/dashboard'

Assert welcome message text is 'Welcome, testuser!'

Best Practices:

Use pytest test functions and classes to organize tests

Use Selenium explicit waits to wait for elements

Use Page Object Model to separate page interactions

Use setup and teardown methods for browser management

Automated Solution

Selenium Python

import pytest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class LoginPage:
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.username_input = (By.ID, 'username')
        self.password_input = (By.ID, 'password')
        self.login_button = (By.ID, 'loginBtn')

    def load(self):
        self.driver.get('https://example.com/login')

    def login(self, username, password):
        WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(
            EC.visibility_of_element_located(self.username_input)
        ).send_keys(username)
        self.driver.find_element(*self.password_input).send_keys(password)
        self.driver.find_element(*self.login_button).click()

class DashboardPage:
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.welcome_message = (By.ID, 'welcomeMessage')

    def wait_for_dashboard(self):
        WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(
            EC.url_to_be('https://example.com/dashboard')
        )

    def get_welcome_text(self):
        return WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(
            EC.visibility_of_element_located(self.welcome_message)
        ).text

class TestLogin:
    def setup_method(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def teardown_method(self):
        self.driver.quit()

    def test_valid_login(self):
        login_page = LoginPage(self.driver)
        dashboard_page = DashboardPage(self.driver)

        login_page.load()
        login_page.login('testuser', 'Test@1234')

        dashboard_page.wait_for_dashboard()

        assert self.driver.current_url == 'https://example.com/dashboard'
        assert dashboard_page.get_welcome_text() == 'Welcome, testuser!'

This test script uses pytest and selenium to automate the login test case.

We define two page classes: LoginPage and DashboardPage to separate page actions and locators, following the Page Object Model.

The TestLogin class contains setup and teardown methods to open and close the browser for each test method.

The test method test_valid_login performs the login steps, waits for the dashboard page to load, and asserts the URL and welcome message text.

Explicit waits ensure elements are ready before interacting, improving test reliability.

Common Mistakes - 4 Pitfalls

Using time.sleep() instead of explicit waits

Not closing the browser after tests

Mixing locators directly in test methods

Hardcoding URLs and credentials inside test methods

Bonus Challenge

Now add data-driven testing with 3 different username and password combinations

Show Hint