Window handles (getWindowHandles) in Selenium Java - Test Execution Trace

Test Overview

This test opens a webpage that opens a new browser window. It switches control to the new window using window handles and verifies the new window's title.

Test Code - JUnit with Selenium WebDriver

Selenium Java

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Iterator;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

public class WindowHandlesTest {
    WebDriver driver;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        driver = new ChromeDriver();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSwitchToNewWindow() {
        driver.get("https://example.com/page_with_popup");

        // Click button that opens new window
        driver.findElement(By.id("openWindowBtn")).click();

        // Get all window handles
        Set<String> windowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
        Iterator<String> iterator = windowHandles.iterator();

        String originalWindow = iterator.next();
        String newWindow = iterator.next();

        // Switch to new window
        driver.switchTo().window(newWindow);

        // Verify new window title
        String expectedTitle = "New Window Title";
        String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
        assertEquals(expectedTitle, actualTitle);

        // Switch back to original window
        driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() {
        driver.quit();
    }
}

Execution Trace - 8 Steps

Step	Action	System State	Assertion	Result
1	Test starts and Chrome browser opens	Browser window is open and ready	-	PASS
2	Navigates to https://example.com/page_with_popup	Page with a button that opens a new window is loaded	-	PASS
3	Finds button with id 'openWindowBtn' and clicks it	New browser window opens alongside original window	-	PASS
4	Calls driver.getWindowHandles() to get all window handles	Two window handles are retrieved: original and new	Verify two window handles exist	PASS
5	Switches control to the new window using driver.switchTo().window(newWindow)	Browser focus is on the new window	-	PASS
6	Gets the title of the new window	New window is fully loaded	Assert that title equals 'New Window Title'	PASS
7	Switches back to original window using driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)	Browser focus returns to original window	-	PASS
8	Test ends and browser closes	All browser windows closed	-	PASS

Failure Scenario

Failing Condition: The new window does not open or window handle is missing

Execution Trace Quiz - 3 Questions

What does driver.getWindowHandles() return?

A The title of the current window

B The URL of the current page

C A set of all open browser window handles

D The handle of the original window only

Key Result

Always retrieve all window handles after opening a new window and switch to the correct handle before interacting with that window.