Window handles (getWindowHandles) in Selenium Java - Interactive Code Practice

Practice - 5 Tasks

1fill in blank

easy

Complete the code to get all window handles.

Selenium Java

Set<String> handles = driver.[1]();

Drag options to blanks, or click blank then click option'

AgetWindowHandles

BgetWindowHandle

CgetHandles

DwindowHandles

Attempts:

3 left

💡 Hint

Common Mistakes

Using getWindowHandle() which returns only the current window handle.

Using incorrect method names like getHandles or windowHandles.

The method getWindowHandles() returns a set of all window handles opened by the WebDriver.

2fill in blank

medium

Complete the code to switch to a new window handle.

Selenium Java

for (String handle : driver.[1]()) {
    driver.switchTo().window(handle);
}

Drag options to blanks, or click blank then click option'

AgetWindowHandle

BgetHandles

CgetWindowHandles

DwindowHandles

Attempts:

3 left

💡 Hint

Common Mistakes

Using getWindowHandle() which returns only one handle.

Trying to switch without iterating over all handles.

We use getWindowHandles() to get all window handles and then switch to each one.

3fill in blank

hard

Fix the error in the code to correctly get window handles.

Selenium Java

Set<String> handles = driver.[1];

Drag options to blanks, or click blank then click option'

AwindowHandles()

BgetWindowHandles()

CgetWindowHandles

DgetWindowHandle()

Attempts:

3 left

💡 Hint

Common Mistakes

Forgetting parentheses after method name.

Using singular getWindowHandle() instead of plural.

The method getWindowHandles() must be called with parentheses to invoke it.

4fill in blank

hard

Fill both blanks to iterate over window handles and print each handle.

Selenium Java

for ([1] handle : driver.[2]()) {
    System.out.println(handle);
}

Drag options to blanks, or click blank then click option'

AString

Bint

CgetWindowHandles

DgetWindowHandle

Attempts:

3 left

💡 Hint

Common Mistakes

Using int instead of String for the handle variable.

Using getWindowHandle() which returns only one handle.

The variable type for window handles is String, and the method to get all handles is getWindowHandles().

5fill in blank

hard

Fill all three blanks to switch to a new window and close it.

Selenium Java

Set<String> handles = driver.[1]();
for ([2] handle : handles) {
    if (!handle.equals(driver.[3]())) {
        driver.switchTo().window(handle);
        driver.close();
    }
}

Drag options to blanks, or click blank then click option'

AgetWindowHandles

BString

CgetWindowHandle

DwindowHandle

Attempts:

3 left

💡 Hint

Common Mistakes

Using wrong method names or missing parentheses.

Using wrong variable types for handles.

We get all window handles with getWindowHandles(), iterate with String type, and compare with the current window handle from getWindowHandle().

Practice

1. What does the Selenium method getWindowHandles() return when called?

easy

A. A set of all open window handles (IDs) in the current WebDriver session

B. The handle of the current active window only

C. The title of the current browser window

D. The URL of the current page

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of getWindowHandles()

   This method is designed to return all window handles for every open window or tab in the current browser session.

2. Step 2: Identify the return type

   The method returns a Set of Strings, each representing a unique window handle (ID).

3. Final Answer:

   A set of all open window handles (IDs) in the current WebDriver session -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   getWindowHandles() = all window IDs [OK]

Hint: Remember: getWindowHandles() returns all window IDs as a set [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing getWindowHandles() with getWindowHandle() which returns one handle
• Expecting a list or array instead of a set
• Thinking it returns page titles or URLs

2. Which of the following is the correct syntax to get all window handles in Selenium Java?

easy

A. List<String> handles = driver.getWindowHandles();

B. String handles = driver.getWindowHandles();

C. Set<String> handles = driver.getWindowHandles();

D. Set handles = driver.getWindowHandle();

Solution

1. Step 1: Check the return type of getWindowHandles()

   The method returns a Set of Strings, so the variable must be declared as Set<String>.

2. Step 2: Verify method name and syntax

   The correct method is getWindowHandles() (plural), and it belongs to the WebDriver instance named driver.

3. Final Answer:

   Set<String> handles = driver.getWindowHandles(); -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Correct syntax uses Set<String> and getWindowHandles() [OK]

Hint: Use Set<String> for getWindowHandles() return type [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using List instead of Set for window handles
• Calling getWindowHandle() instead of getWindowHandles()
• Assigning to a String instead of a collection

3. Consider the following code snippet:

Set<String> handles = driver.getWindowHandles();
System.out.println(handles.size());

If the browser has 3 tabs open, what will be printed?

medium

A. An exception is thrown

B. 1

C. 0

D. 3

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand what getWindowHandles() returns

   It returns a set containing all window handles for every open tab or window.

2. Step 2: Determine the size of the set

   Since there are 3 tabs open, the set will contain 3 unique handles, so size() returns 3.

3. Final Answer:

   3 -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Number of tabs = size of handles set = 3 [OK]

Hint: Size of getWindowHandles() set equals number of open tabs/windows [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming size() returns 1 for current window only
• Expecting an exception if multiple tabs exist
• Confusing getWindowHandles() with getWindowHandle()

4. You wrote this code to switch to a new window:

Set<String> handles = driver.getWindowHandles();
String newWindow = handles.iterator().next();
driver.switchTo().window(newWindow);

But it always switches to the original window. What is the likely problem?

medium

A. getWindowHandles() returns an empty set

B. Using iterator().next() returns the first handle, which is the original window

C. switchTo().window() requires window title, not handle

D. You must convert the set to a list before switching

Solution

1. Step 1: Analyze iterator().next() behavior on a Set

   Calling iterator().next() on a Set returns the first element, which is usually the original window handle.

2. Step 2: Understand why it switches to original window

   Since newWindow is assigned the original window handle, switching to it does not change the window.

3. Final Answer:

   Using iterator().next() returns the first handle, which is the original window -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   iterator().next() = first handle (original window) [OK]

Hint: iterator().next() returns first handle, often original window [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming iterator().next() gives the new window handle
• Thinking switchTo().window() needs window title
• Not checking if getWindowHandles() is empty

5. You want to switch to a newly opened window different from the original one. Given String originalHandle = driver.getWindowHandle(); and Set<String> allHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();, which code correctly switches to the new window?

hard

A. for (String handle : allHandles) { if (!handle.equals(originalHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(handle); break; } }

B. driver.switchTo().window(allHandles.iterator().next());

C. driver.switchTo().window(originalHandle);

D. driver.switchTo().window(allHandles.toArray()[0].toString());

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify the original window handle

   We have the original window handle stored in originalHandle.

2. Step 2: Loop through all handles to find the new one

   Iterate over all handles and switch to the one that is not equal to the original handle.

3. Step 3: Switch to the new window

   Once found, call driver.switchTo().window(handle) and break the loop.

4. Final Answer:

   for (String handle : allHandles) { if (!handle.equals(originalHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(handle); break; } } -> Option A

5. Quick Check:

   Switch to handle != originalHandle [OK]

Hint: Loop handles, skip original, switch to new [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Switching to first handle without checking if it's original
• Using toArray()[0] which may be original window
• Switching to originalHandle instead of new window