OOP principles overview in Python - Cheat Sheet & Quick Revision

Recall & Review

beginner

What is Encapsulation in OOP?

Encapsulation means keeping data (attributes) and code (methods) together in one unit called a class. It hides the internal details and only exposes what is necessary.

beginner

Define Inheritance in simple terms.

Inheritance lets a new class use properties and methods from an existing class. It helps reuse code and create a hierarchy.

intermediate

What does Polymorphism mean in OOP?

Polymorphism means many forms. It allows different classes to use the same method name but behave differently depending on the class.

intermediate

Explain Abstraction with an example.

Abstraction hides complex details and shows only the important parts. For example, when you drive a car, you don’t need to know how the engine works, just how to use the steering and pedals.

beginner

Why are OOP principles useful in programming?

They help organize code better, make it reusable, easier to maintain, and model real-world things clearly.

Which OOP principle means hiding internal details and showing only necessary parts?

A Abstraction

B Inheritance

C Polymorphism

D Encapsulation

Abstraction hides complex details and shows only what is needed.

What does inheritance allow a class to do?

A Hide data from other classes

B Use methods and properties from another class

C Change method names dynamically

D Create many forms of the same method

Inheritance lets a class reuse code from a parent class.

Polymorphism allows methods to:

A Hide data inside a class

B Only show important details

C Create new classes from old ones

D Have the same name but behave differently

Polymorphism means many forms of the same method name.

Encapsulation is best described as:

A Using many classes

B Changing method behavior

C Keeping data and methods together inside a class

D Hiding complex details

Encapsulation bundles data and methods in one unit.

Which principle helps make code easier to maintain and reuse?

A All of the above

B Polymorphism

C Inheritance

D Abstraction

All OOP principles help improve code organization and reuse.

Describe the four main OOP principles and give a simple example for each.

Think about how a car works for abstraction.

Why is using OOP principles helpful when writing programs?

Imagine building with Lego blocks.