If statement in Java

Introduction

An if statement helps your program make choices by running code only when a condition is true.

To check if a user is old enough to access a website.

To decide if a number is positive or negative.

To turn on a light only when it is dark.

To give a discount if a customer buys more than 5 items.

Syntax

Java

if (condition) {
    // code to run if condition is true
}

The condition is a true or false question.

Curly braces { } group the code that runs when true.

Examples

This checks if age is 18 or more, then prints a message.

Java

if (age >= 18) {
    System.out.println("You can vote.");
}

This runs the message only if score is greater than 50.

Java

if (score > 50) {
    System.out.println("You passed!");
}

This prints a reminder if isRaining is true.

Java

if (isRaining) {
    System.out.println("Take an umbrella.");
}

Sample Program

This program checks if the temperature is above 25 degrees. If yes, it prints a message.

Java

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int temperature = 30;
        if (temperature > 25) {
            System.out.println("It's hot outside.");
        }
    }
}

Important Notes

If the condition is false, the code inside if does not run.

You can add else to run code when the condition is false.

Summary

If statements let your program choose actions based on conditions.

Use if (condition) { ... } to run code only when the condition is true.

Conditions are questions that answer true or false.

Practice

1. What does an if statement do in Java?

easy

A. It stores data in a variable.

B. It repeats code multiple times.

C. It creates a new class.

D. It runs code only if a condition is true.

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of an if statement

   An if statement checks a condition and decides whether to run some code based on that condition.

2. Step 2: Match the description to the options

   It runs code only if a condition is true. correctly says it runs code only if the condition is true, which matches the if statement's behavior.

3. Final Answer:

   It runs code only if a condition is true. -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   If statement = runs code if true [OK]

Hint: If checks true condition to run code [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing if with loops
• Thinking if stores data
• Mixing if with class creation

2. Which of these is the correct syntax for an if statement in Java?

easy

A. if (condition) System.out.println("Yes");

B. if condition { System.out.println("Yes"); }

C. if condition: System.out.println("Yes");

D. if (condition) then { System.out.println("Yes"); }

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall Java if statement syntax

   Java requires parentheses around the condition and braces are optional if only one statement follows.

2. Step 2: Check each option

   if (condition) System.out.println("Yes"); uses parentheses and a single statement without braces, which is valid syntax.

3. Final Answer:

   if (condition) System.out.println("Yes"); -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Parentheses needed around condition [OK]

Hint: Use parentheses around condition in if [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Omitting parentheses around condition
• Using colons instead of braces
• Adding 'then' keyword

3. What will be the output of this code?

int x = 10;
if (x > 5) {
  System.out.println("Big number");
} else {
  System.out.println("Small number");
}

medium

A. Small number

B. Big number

C. No output

D. Syntax error

Solution

1. Step 1: Evaluate the condition x > 5

   Since x is 10, the condition 10 > 5 is true.

2. Step 2: Determine which block runs

   The if block runs and prints "Big number" because the condition is true.

3. Final Answer:

   Big number -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   10 > 5 is true, prints "Big number" [OK]

Hint: Check if condition true to pick output [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Choosing else output when condition is true
• Thinking no output if condition true
• Confusing syntax with output

4. Find the error in this code:

int num = 7;
if num > 5 {
  System.out.println("Greater");
}

medium

A. Braces not allowed in if

B. Missing semicolon after if

C. Missing parentheses around condition

D. Wrong variable name

Solution

1. Step 1: Check if statement syntax

   Java requires parentheses around the condition in an if statement.

2. Step 2: Identify the missing parentheses

   The code has if num > 5 without parentheses, which causes a syntax error.

3. Final Answer:

   Missing parentheses around condition -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   If condition must be in parentheses [OK]

Hint: Always put condition in parentheses [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Forgetting parentheses around condition
• Adding semicolon after if line
• Misnaming variables

5. You want to print "Even" if a number is even and "Odd" if it is odd. Which code correctly uses an if statement to do this?

int n = 4;
// Your code here

hard

A. if (n % 2 == 0) {
System.out.println("Even");
} else {
System.out.println("Odd");
}

B. if (n / 2 == 0) {
System.out.println("Even");
} else {
System.out.println("Odd");
}

C. if (n % 2 = 0) {
System.out.println("Even");
} else {
System.out.println("Odd");
}

D. if (n % 2 != 0) {
System.out.println("Even");
} else {
System.out.println("Odd");
}

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand how to check even numbers

   A number is even if dividing by 2 leaves remainder 0, so use n % 2 == 0.

2. Step 2: Check each option's condition

   if (n % 2 == 0) { System.out.println("Even"); } else { System.out.println("Odd"); } correctly uses n % 2 == 0 to check evenness and prints "Even" or "Odd" accordingly.

3. Final Answer:

   if (n % 2 == 0) { System.out.println("Even"); } else { System.out.println("Odd"); } -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Use modulus == 0 for even check [OK]

Hint: Use n % 2 == 0 to check even numbers [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using assignment = instead of comparison ==
• Checking division instead of remainder
• Reversing even and odd conditions