Command line execution in Java

Introduction

Command line execution lets you run your Java programs by typing commands. It helps you test and use your programs outside of an editor.

You want to run a Java program you wrote without using an IDE.

You need to test small Java programs quickly.

You want to share your program with others who can run it from their terminal.

You are learning Java and want to understand how programs run.

You want to automate running Java programs in scripts.

Syntax

Java

javac FileName.java
java FileName

javac compiles your Java code into bytecode.

java runs the compiled bytecode.

Examples

Compile and run a simple program named HelloWorld.java.

Java

javac HelloWorld.java
java HelloWorld

Run MyProgram with two command line arguments arg1 and arg2.

Java

javac MyProgram.java
java MyProgram arg1 arg2

Sample Program

This program prints "Hello, world!" to the screen. You compile it with javac HelloWorld.java and run it with java HelloWorld.

Java

public class HelloWorld {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello, world!");
    }
}

Important Notes

Make sure your file name matches the public class name exactly, including capitalization.

Run the java command without the .class extension.

If you get errors, check your Java installation and your current folder.

Summary

Use javac to compile Java files.

Use java to run compiled programs.

Command line execution helps you run Java programs outside an editor.

Practice

1. What command do you use to compile a Java file named Example.java from the command line?

easy

A. javac Example.java

B. java Example.java

C. compile Example.java

D. run Example.java

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand Java compilation

   Java source files (.java) must be compiled into bytecode (.class) before running.

2. Step 2: Use the correct command

   The javac command compiles Java files, so javac Example.java compiles the file.

3. Final Answer:

   javac Example.java -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Compile Java file = javac [OK]

Hint: Use 'javac' to compile Java files before running [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using 'java' to compile instead of run
• Typing 'compile' or 'run' commands which don't exist
• Forgetting to compile before running

2. Which command correctly runs a compiled Java program with the main class named App?

easy

A. java App

B. javac App

C. run App

D. java App.class

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify how to run Java bytecode

   Compiled Java classes (.class) are run using the java command followed by the class name without extension.

2. Step 2: Choose the correct syntax

   Running java App executes the App.class file. Adding '.class' or using 'javac' is incorrect here.

3. Final Answer:

   java App -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Run Java class = java ClassName [OK]

Hint: Run with 'java' plus class name, no file extension [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Adding '.class' extension when running
• Using 'javac' to run instead of compile
• Typing 'run' command which is invalid

3. Given the commands executed in order:
javac HelloWorld.java
java HelloWorld
What will be the output if HelloWorld.java contains:

public class HelloWorld {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("Hello, Java!");
  }
}

medium

A. No output

B. HelloWorld

C. Compilation Error

D. Hello, Java!

Solution

1. Step 1: Compile the Java file

   The javac HelloWorld.java command compiles the source code into HelloWorld.class without errors.

2. Step 2: Run the compiled class

   The java HelloWorld command runs the main method, printing the string inside System.out.println.

3. Final Answer:

   Hello, Java! -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Print statement output = Hello, Java! [OK]

Hint: Compile first, then run to see printed output [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Trying to run without compiling first
• Expecting class name printed instead of message
• Confusing compile errors with runtime output

4. You try to run java MyProgram but get the error:
Error: Could not find or load main class MyProgram
What is the most likely cause?

medium

A. You ran java MyProgram.java instead of java MyProgram

B. You forgot to compile with javac MyProgram.java

C. The class name inside the file is different from the file name

D. You used the wrong Java version

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the error meaning

   This error means Java cannot find the compiled .class file for MyProgram.

2. Step 2: Check compilation step

   If you did not run javac MyProgram.java first, the .class file does not exist, causing this error.

3. Final Answer:

   You forgot to compile with javac MyProgram.java -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Compile before run to avoid class not found [OK]

Hint: Always compile before running to avoid class not found errors [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Running with .java extension in 'java' command
• Ignoring class name and file name mismatch
• Blaming Java version without checking compilation

5. You have two Java files:

File1.java:
public class File1 {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("File1 running");
  }
}

File2.java:
public class File2 {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("File2 running");
  }
}

Which sequence of commands correctly compiles and runs File2 from the command line?

hard

A. java File2javac File2.java

B. javac File2.javajava File2.java

C. javac File2.javajava File2

D. javac File1.java File2.javajava File2.java

Solution

1. Step 1: Compile the correct file

   To run File2, you must compile File2.java first using javac File2.java.

2. Step 2: Run the compiled class properly

   Run the program with java File2 (without .java extension). Running before compiling or adding extensions causes errors.

3. Final Answer:

   javac File2.java java File2 -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Compile then run target class without extension [OK]

Hint: Compile target file, then run class name without extension [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Running with .java extension
• Running before compiling
• Compiling unrelated files unnecessarily