The formula =COUNTIF(A1:A10, "Apple") counts cells that exactly match "Apple". Other options use wildcards or extra symbols that change the match.
The formula =COUNTIFS(A1:A20, "Banana", B1:B20, ">100") counts rows where both conditions are true. Option D adds counts separately, which is incorrect.
=COUNTIF(C1:C15, "*berry*") counts cells containing "berry" anywhere. COUNTIFS requires pairs of ranges and criteria, so option B is invalid syntax.
Option C uses correct operators: date >= 2023-01-01 and sales >= 500. Other options use > which excludes the date or sales equal to the boundary.
Option A correctly uses >= and <= for sales and dates to include boundaries. Option A excludes boundary values. Option A excludes first and last day of 2023. Option A uses an invalid date criteria format.