AND and OR functions in Google Sheets - Cell-by-Cell Formula Trace

Sample Data

This data shows TRUE and FALSE values in cells A1 to A3 and B1 to B3 to test AND and OR functions.

Cell	Value
A1	TRUE
A2	FALSE
A3	TRUE
B1	FALSE
B2	TRUE
B3	TRUE

Formula Trace

=AND(A1, A2, B2)

Step 1: AND(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)

Cell Reference Map

TRUE

↓

FALSE

↓

TRUE

Formula references cells A1, A2, and B2 which contain TRUE, FALSE, and TRUE respectively.

Result

TRUE

↓

FALSE

↓

TRUE

The formula =AND(A1, A2, B2) placed in C1 returns FALSE because not all inputs are TRUE.

Sheet Trace Quiz - 3 Questions

What does the formula =AND(A1, A3, B3) return given the sample data?

A FALSE

B TRUE

C Error

D 0

Key Result

AND returns TRUE only if all arguments are TRUE; OR returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE.

Practice

1. What does the AND function do in Google Sheets?

easy

A. Returns TRUE only if all conditions are TRUE

B. Returns TRUE if at least one condition is TRUE

C. Returns FALSE if all conditions are TRUE

D. Returns the sum of all conditions

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of AND

   The AND function checks multiple conditions and returns TRUE only if every condition is TRUE.

2. Step 2: Compare with other options

   Returns TRUE if at least one condition is TRUE describes OR, C and D are incorrect because AND does not return FALSE if all are TRUE or sum values.

3. Final Answer:

   Returns TRUE only if all conditions are TRUE -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   AND means all TRUE = TRUE [OK]

Hint: AND needs all TRUE to return TRUE, else FALSE [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing AND with OR
• Thinking AND sums values
• Assuming AND returns TRUE if any condition is TRUE

2. Which of these is the correct syntax for the OR function in Google Sheets?

easy

A. =OR(A1>5, B1<10)

B. =OR(A1>5; B1<10)

C. =OR{A1>5, B1<10}

D. =OR[A1>5, B1<10]

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall correct function syntax

   Google Sheets uses commas to separate arguments inside parentheses for functions like OR.

2. Step 2: Check each option

   =OR(A1>5, B1<10) uses commas and parentheses correctly. Options A, B, and D use wrong separators or brackets.

3. Final Answer:

   =OR(A1>5, B1<10) -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   OR uses commas inside parentheses [OK]

Hint: Use commas inside parentheses for function arguments [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using semicolons instead of commas
• Using curly or square brackets
• Missing parentheses

3. Given the values: A1=7, B1=3, C1=10, what is the result of =AND(A1>5, OR(B1>5, C1=10))?

medium

A. 0

B. FALSE

C. Error

D. TRUE

Solution

1. Step 1: Evaluate inner OR function

   OR(B1>5, C1=10) means OR(3>5, 10=10) -> OR(FALSE, TRUE) -> TRUE.

2. Step 2: Evaluate AND function

   AND(A1>5, TRUE) means AND(7>5, TRUE) -> AND(TRUE, TRUE) -> TRUE.

3. Final Answer:

   TRUE -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   AND with all TRUE returns TRUE [OK]

Hint: Evaluate OR inside AND first, then combine results [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Evaluating AND before OR
• Confusing TRUE and FALSE values
• Assuming numeric values instead of logical

4. Identify the error in this formula: =AND(A1>5 OR B1<10)

medium

A. Parentheses are not needed

B. OR cannot be used inside AND

C. Missing comma between conditions inside AND

D. No error, formula is correct

Solution

1. Step 1: Analyze formula structure

   The formula tries to combine conditions inside AND but misses a comma between A1>5 and OR B1<10.

2. Step 2: Correct syntax for nested functions

   AND requires each condition separated by commas. The correct form is =AND(A1>5, OR(B1<10)).

3. Final Answer:

   Missing comma between conditions inside AND -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Separate conditions with commas in AND [OK]

Hint: Use commas to separate all conditions inside AND [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Omitting commas between arguments
• Thinking OR can't be nested inside AND
• Ignoring parentheses placement

5. You want to check if a student passed both Math and English (score ≥ 50) or scored above 90 in Science. Which formula correctly returns TRUE if either condition is met?

hard

A. =OR(Math>=50, English>=50, Science>90)

B. =OR(AND(Math>=50, English>=50), Science>90)

C. =AND(Math>=50, English>=50, Science>90)

D. =AND(OR(Math>=50, English>=50), Science>90)

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand conditions

   The student passes if both Math and English scores are at least 50 (AND condition) OR if Science score is above 90.

2. Step 2: Translate to formula

   Use AND(Math>=50, English>=50) for both passing, then OR with Science>90 to allow either condition.

3. Final Answer:

   =OR(AND(Math>=50, English>=50), Science>90) -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Use OR for either condition, AND for both subjects [OK]

Hint: Use AND inside OR to combine conditions correctly [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Mixing AND and OR order incorrectly
• Using AND for all conditions instead of OR
• Not grouping conditions properly