String creation and literal types in C Sharp (C#)

Introduction

Strings let us store and use words or sentences in our programs. Literal types help us write these words directly in the code.

When you want to store a name or message in your program.

When you need to show text to the user.

When you want to combine words or sentences.

When you want to write a fixed phrase or word directly in your code.

When you want to create a string that includes special characters like new lines.

Syntax

C Sharp (C#)

string variableName = "your text here";
string verbatimString = @"your text here";

Use double quotes " " to create a normal string.

Use @ before quotes to create a verbatim string that keeps spaces and new lines exactly.

Examples

This creates a simple string with the text Hello, world!

C Sharp (C#)

string greeting = "Hello, world!";

This verbatim string lets you write file paths easily without doubling backslashes.

C Sharp (C#)

string path = @"C:\Users\Name\Documents";

This verbatim string keeps the new lines as part of the text.

C Sharp (C#)

string multiline = @"Line 1
Line 2
Line 3";

Use backslash \ to include double quotes inside a normal string.

C Sharp (C#)

string quote = "She said, \"Hello!\"";

Sample Program

This program shows two ways to create strings and prints them. The verbatim string keeps the new line and quotes as typed.

C Sharp (C#)

using System;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        string normal = "Hello, friend!";
        string verbatim = @"This is a verbatim string
It keeps new lines and ""quotes"".";
        Console.WriteLine(normal);
        Console.WriteLine(verbatim);
    }
}

Important Notes

Normal strings use escape sequences like \n for new line or \" for quotes.

Verbatim strings start with @ and do not process escape sequences except doubling quotes "".

Use verbatim strings for file paths or multi-line text to make code easier to read.

Summary

Strings store text using double quotes.

Verbatim strings start with @ and keep text exactly as typed.

Escape sequences let you add special characters inside normal strings.

Practice

1. Which of the following correctly creates a string literal in C#?

easy

A. string s = `Hello World`;

B. string s = 'Hello World';

C. string s = Hello World;

D. string s = "Hello World";

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand string literal syntax in C#

   Strings in C# must be enclosed in double quotes (").

2. Step 2: Check each option for correct syntax

   string s = "Hello World"; uses double quotes correctly. string s = 'Hello World'; uses single quotes which are for characters, not strings. string s = Hello World; has no quotes, so it's invalid. string s = `Hello World`; uses backticks which are not valid string delimiters in C#.

3. Final Answer:

   string s = "Hello World"; -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Strings use double quotes = A [OK]

Hint: Strings always use double quotes in C# [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using single quotes for strings
• Omitting quotes around text
• Using backticks instead of quotes

2. Which of the following is the correct way to create a verbatim string literal in C#?

easy

A. string path = @"C:\Users\Admin";

B. string path = "C:\\Users\\Admin";

C. string path = 'C:\Users\Admin';

D. string path = `C:\Users\Admin`;

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall verbatim string syntax

   Verbatim strings start with @ and use double quotes, preserving backslashes as-is.

2. Step 2: Analyze each option

   string path = "C:\\Users\\Admin"; uses normal string with escaped backslashes. string path = @"C:\Users\Admin"; uses @ with double quotes correctly. string path = 'C:\Users\Admin'; uses single quotes which is invalid for strings. string path = `C:\Users\Admin`; uses backticks which are invalid.

3. Final Answer:

   string path = @"C:\Users\Admin"; -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Verbatim strings start with @ = A [OK]

Hint: Use @ before quotes for verbatim strings [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Forgetting @ for verbatim strings
• Using single quotes for strings
• Not escaping backslashes in normal strings

3. What is the output of the following C# code?

string s = "Line1\nLine2";
Console.WriteLine(s);

medium

A. Line1\nLine2

B. Line1\n\nLine2

C. Line1
Line2

D. Line1 Line2

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand escape sequences in strings

   The sequence \n represents a newline character in C# strings.

2. Step 2: Predict output of Console.WriteLine

   The string "Line1\nLine2" will print as two lines: "Line1" on the first line and "Line2" on the second line.

3. Final Answer:

   Line1 Line2 -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   \n creates new line = D [OK]

Hint: Escape \n prints new line in output [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Printing \n literally instead of new line
• Confusing verbatim strings with normal strings
• Expecting spaces instead of new lines

4. Identify the error in this C# string declaration:

string s = @"Hello\nWorld";

medium

A. Escape sequences like \n are not processed in verbatim strings

B. No error, this is correct verbatim string

C. Backslash should be doubled as \\ in verbatim strings

D. Missing semicolon at the end

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand verbatim string behavior

   Verbatim strings treat backslashes literally and do not process escape sequences like \n.

2. Step 2: Analyze the given string

   The string @"Hello\nWorld" will contain the characters \ and n literally, not a newline.

3. Final Answer:

   Escape sequences like \n are not processed in verbatim strings -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Verbatim strings ignore escape sequences = B [OK]

Hint: Verbatim strings do not process escape sequences [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Expecting \n to create new line in verbatim strings
• Doubling backslashes unnecessarily in verbatim strings
• Confusing normal and verbatim string rules

5. You want to create a string that contains the exact text:

C:\Users\Admin\Documents

Which of the following C# declarations will produce this exact string value?

hard

A. string path = "C:\Users\Admin\Documents";

B. string path = @"C:\Users\Admin\Documents";

C. string path = "C:\\Users\\Admin\\Documents";

D. string path = 'C:\Users\Admin\Documents';

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand how to represent backslashes in strings

   In normal strings, backslash is an escape character, so to represent one backslash, you must write \\.

2. Step 2: Check each option for resulting string

   string path = @"C:\Users\Admin\Documents"; uses verbatim string which preserves backslashes literally, producing the exact text with single backslashes. string path = 'C:\Users\Admin\Documents'; uses single quotes which is invalid for strings. string path = "C:\Users\Admin\Documents"; has single backslashes which are escape sequences and will produce the correct path string with single backslashes. string path = "C:\\Users\\Admin\\Documents"; doubles each backslash, resulting in double backslashes in the string, which is not the exact text.

3. Final Answer:

   string path = @"C:\Users\Admin\Documents"; -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Verbatim string preserves backslashes literally = D [OK]

Hint: Use verbatim string (@) to preserve backslashes literally [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using single quotes for strings
• Doubling backslashes unnecessarily in verbatim strings
• Confusing verbatim and normal string rules