Introduction
Reading Comprehension में True / False / Not Given (TFNG) questions यह जांचते हैं कि कोई statement सीधे passage द्वारा support किया गया है, सीधे contradict किया गया है, या किसी भी रूप में उल्लेखित नहीं है। यह pattern SSC, Banking, CAT VARC practice, और IELTS जैसे exams में बहुत पूछा जाता है।
यह pattern आपकी fact-verification skills को मजबूत करता है और assumptions से बचना सिखाता है - competitive exams और professional analysis दोनों में एक महत्वपूर्ण कौशल।
Pattern: True / False / Not Given RC
Pattern
TRUE → Statement passage से पूरी तरह मैच करता है।
FALSE → Statement passage के विपरीत है।
NOT GIVEN → Passage statement को न support करता है, न oppose - बिल्कुल भी mention नहीं है।
Step-by-Step Example
Question
Over the last fifteen years, global work culture has undergone a notable transformation, driven by
digitalization, demographic shifts, and organizational restructuring. According to the 2023 Global Workforce
Adaptability Report, nearly 48% of companies across Asia and Europe shifted to hybrid work arrangements,
allowing employees to divide their working hours between home and office. This shift was accelerated
following the widespread adoption of cloud-based collaboration tools, which gave organizations the flexibility
to maintain productivity without depending on physical office space.
The report notes that younger professionals have embraced hybrid models at significantly higher rates,
valuing autonomy, reduced commute time, and the ability to balance personal commitments more effectively.
In contrast, mid-level managers expressed concerns regarding reduced supervision and difficulties in
maintaining team cohesion. However, researchers found no substantial evidence that hybrid work directly
lowered overall organizational performance; in fact, several companies witnessed improved output when
employees were allowed to customize their working environment.
Another important trend discussed in the report is the shift in employee learning habits. With rapid
technological developments, workers increasingly turn to micro-learning platforms and short certification
modules to update their skills. This trend is particularly prevalent in industries experiencing fast-paced
innovation, such as data analytics, cybersecurity, and digital marketing. Yet the report clarifies that despite
rising demand for online learning, the number of employees completing full-length university degrees has
remained relatively stable, countering the belief that formal education is losing relevance.
The report also emphasizes a widening generational divide regarding career expectations. While older
employees prioritize job stability, pension benefits, and long-term security, younger groups place greater
importance on meaningful work, flexible schedules, and international mobility. Interestingly, although popular
commentary often suggests that younger workers prefer changing jobs every one to two years, the report
provides no conclusive data supporting this claim. Many still remain with organizations for four to six years,
especially when offered growth opportunities and mentorship programs.
In examining future trends, analysts predict that hybrid work will continue expanding globally, especially in
knowledge-driven industries. However, they caution that the long-term success of hybrid models depends on
clearly defined roles, strong digital infrastructure, and the ability of leaders to cultivate trust within teams.
Organizations unable to adapt may struggle with employee retention and rising operational inefficiencies.
Statement: “Younger professionals have shown a strong preference for hybrid work models.”
Solution
-
Step 1: Locate supporting information
Passage कहता है कि “younger professionals have embraced hybrid models at significantly higher rates.”
-
Step 2: Compare with the statement
Statement passage से पूरी तरह match करता है।
-
Final Answer:
TRUE -
Quick Check:
Phrase “embraced at higher rates” → strong preference दिखाता है → TRUE. ✔️
Quick Variations
1. PURE factual verification (TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN).
2. Exact numbers या percentages match करने वाले statements।
3. Multiple ideas वाले statements - आंशिक सही पर overall NOT GIVEN।
4. Opposite meaning वाले contradiction-based statements।
Trick to Always Use
- Step 1 → Statement को ध्यान से पढ़ें; उसे छोटे factual parts में बाँटें।
- Step 2 → हर part को passage से मिलाएँ।
- Step 3 → पूरी तरह match → TRUE; साफ उल्टा → FALSE; न support न contradict → NOT GIVEN।
Summary
Summary
TFNG RC pattern में:
- TRUE → Passage से पूरा मेल खाता है।
- FALSE → Passage के विपरीत है।
- NOT GIVEN → Passage में न पुष्टि है न खंडन।
- Assumptions से बचें - उत्तर सिर्फ passage के आधार पर दें।
Hint: If the passage clearly denies a statement, mark it FALSE.
Common Mistakes: Assuming household consumption is largest because it is visible to the public.