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Problem–Solution Type Assumptions

Introduction

कई रीजनिंग प्रश्नों में एक समस्या दी जाती है और उसके बाद एक समाधान या सुझाव दिया जाता है। इन्हें Problem-Solution type assumptions कहते हैं। यहाँ आपका काम यह पहचानना होता है कि वक्ता समस्या के अस्तित्व और समाधान की प्रभावशीलता के बारे में क्या मानकर चलता है।

यह पैटर्न महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि यह आपको cause-effect reasoning समझना सिखाता है - कि कोई समाधान क्यों दिया गया है और वह किस आधार पर प्रासंगिक माना गया है।

Pattern: Problem–Solution Type Assumptions

Pattern

मुख्य विचार: जब भी कोई समाधान सुझाया जाता है, यह मान लिया जाता है कि (a) समस्या मौजूद है, और (b) सुझाया गया समाधान उसे हल करने में मदद करेगा।

हर ऐसे कथन में दो छिपे हुए विश्वास होते हैं - समस्या का होना और सुझाए गए उपाय पर विश्वास होना।

Step-by-Step Example

Question

Statement: “Install CCTV cameras to reduce thefts in the locality.”

कौन-सी assumption implicit है/हैं?
A. Thefts are occurring in the locality.
B. CCTV cameras prevent या detect thefts में मदद करते हैं।
C. People feel unsafe in the area.
D. Both A and B.

Solution

  1. Step 1: समस्या पहचानें

    कथन thefts का ज़िक्र करता है - यानी समस्या मौजूद है और कार्रवाई की जरूरत है।

  2. Step 2: सुझाया गया समाधान पहचानें

    समाधान है - CCTV cameras लगाना, जो यह मानकर चलता है कि यह उपयोगी होगा।

  3. Step 3: Assumptions का मूल्यांकन

    • Option A: Theft की समस्या मौजूद है → Implicit.
    • Option B: CCTV से theft कम या detect होती है → Implicit.
    • Option C: लोग असुरक्षित महसूस करते हैं → यह सही हो सकता है पर कथन की तार्किकता के लिए आवश्यक नहीं।

  4. Final Answer:

    A और B दोनों implicit हैं। → Option D

  5. Quick Check:

    यदि thefts न हों या CCTV से कोई मदद न मिले, तो यह सलाह अर्थहीन हो जाती है। ✅

Quick Variations

1. Policy Measures: “Introduce strict laws to curb pollution.” → implicit: pollution है और कड़े कानून मदद करेंगे।

2. Health Suggestions: “Eat less sugar to control diabetes.” → implicit: diabetes समस्या है और diet उसे प्रभावित करता है।

3. Social Actions: “Start awareness campaigns to reduce accidents.” → implicit: accidents जागरूकता की कमी से होते हैं।

Trick to Always Use

  • Step 1 → कथन में छिपी समस्या पहचानें।
  • Step 2 → सुझाया गया समाधान पहचानें।
  • Step 3 → जाँचें कि कथन यह मानकर चलता है कि (a) समस्या मौजूद है और (b) समाधान प्रभावी है।

Summary

Summary

  • हर समाधान यह मानता है कि कोई समस्या मौजूद है।
  • कथन यह भी मानता है कि सुझाया गया उपाय समस्या को हल करने में मदद करेगा।
  • अन्य भावनात्मक या सामाजिक assumptions संभव हैं, पर वे मुख्य नहीं होते।
  • हमेशा देखें: अगर किसी एक assumption को हटा दें और कथन कमजोर पड़ जाए, तो वह assumption implicit है।

याद रखने का उदाहरण:
Statement: “Ban single-use plastic to reduce pollution.” → Implicit: plastic pollution बढ़ाता है और उसे रोकना मदद करेगा।

Practice

(1/5)
1. Statement: "Launch a public awareness campaign to reduce road accidents."<br>Assumptions:<br>1️⃣ Lack of awareness contributes to road accidents.<br>2️⃣ Public campaigns can help people follow traffic rules.<br>Which assumption(s) is/are implicit?
easy
A. Both 1 and 2
B. Only 1
C. Only 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify the problem

    The statement points to road accidents and proposes awareness campaigns as a remedy.

  2. Step 2: Identify the solution’s premise

    The solution presumes lack of awareness contributes to accidents and that campaigns can change behaviour.

  3. Final Answer:

    Both 1 and 2 are implicit. → Option A

  4. Quick Check:

    If accidents were unrelated to awareness or campaigns could not change behaviour, the proposal would be pointless ✅
Hint: For problem-solution statements, check both the existence of the problem and the effectiveness of the remedy.
Common Mistakes: Accepting only one side (problem or solution) without testing the other.
2. Statement: "Provide free midday meals to improve school attendance."<br>Assumptions:<br>1️⃣ Some students do not attend school regularly.<br>2️⃣ Providing food will encourage more students to attend.<br>Which assumption(s) is/are implicit?
easy
A. Only 1
B. Both 1 and 2
C. Only 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify the problem

    The statement targets low school attendance and proposes free meals as a remedy.

  2. Step 2: Examine the assumptions

    The proposal assumes that absenteeism exists (1) and that providing meals will motivate attendance (2).

  3. Final Answer:

    Both 1 and 2 are implicit. → Option B

  4. Quick Check:

    If attendance were already high or meals didn’t affect attendance, the proposal would be ineffective ✅
Hint: In incentive-based solutions, test both the need and the incentive’s efficacy.
Common Mistakes: Assuming incentives work without confirming the underlying cause of the problem.
3. Statement: "Increase police patrolling to prevent night-time thefts."<br>Assumptions:<br>1️⃣ Thefts usually occur during the night.<br>2️⃣ More police presence can deter thieves.<br>Which assumption(s) is/are implicit?
easy
A. Both 1 and 2
B. Only 1
C. Only 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify the targeted issue

    The statement focuses on thefts occurring at night and proposes patrols as a remedy.

  2. Step 2: Evaluate assumptions

    It assumes night-time is a common period for thefts (1) and that visible policing deters criminal activity (2).

  3. Final Answer:

    Both 1 and 2 are implicit. → Option A

  4. Quick Check:

    If thefts didn’t concentrate at night or patrols had no deterrent effect, the measure would not work ✅
Hint: Crime-prevention measures assume both the pattern of crime and effectiveness of deterrence.
Common Mistakes: Overlooking the temporal element tied to the proposed solution.
4. Statement: "Ban smoking in public places to protect non-smokers."<br>Assumptions:<br>1️⃣ Smoking in public affects non-smokers’ health.<br>2️⃣ Banning public smoking will reduce passive smoking risks.<br>Which assumption(s) is/are implicit?
medium
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2

Solution

  1. Step 1: Recognize the issue

    The statement aims to protect non-smokers from harm caused by others’ smoking.

  2. Step 2: Identify the implied links

    It assumes second-hand smoke harms non-smokers (1) and that banning public smoking will reduce exposure (2).

  3. Final Answer:

    Both 1 and 2 are implicit. → Option C

  4. Quick Check:

    If passive smoking posed no risk or bans had no effect, the measure would be unjustified ✅
Hint: Regulatory solutions typically assume both harm exists and regulation will reduce it.
Common Mistakes: Ignoring either the harm or the effectiveness of the regulation.
5. Statement: "Organize skill development workshops to reduce unemployment among youth."<br>Assumptions:<br>1️⃣ Many youths are unemployed due to lack of skills.<br>2️⃣ Skill development can help them get jobs.<br>Which assumption(s) is/are implicit?
medium
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Neither 1 nor 2
D. Both 1 and 2

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify the root problem

    The statement links youth unemployment to a proposed training solution.

  2. Step 2: Test the assumptions

    It presumes that lack of relevant skills contributes to unemployment (1) and that skill-building will improve employability (2).

  3. Final Answer:

    Both 1 and 2 are implicit. → Option D

  4. Quick Check:

    If unemployment were unrelated to skills or training didn’t help, workshops wouldn’t address the problem ✅
Hint: Match the proposed remedy to the identified root cause to verify assumptions.
Common Mistakes: Assuming any single cause without confirming the link to the remedy.

Mock Test

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