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Square & Cube Based Simplification

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Introduction

कई aptitude questions में लंबे expressions के अंदर simple squares, cubes या roots छिपे होते हैं। Perfect squares, perfect cubes और कहाँ square/cube roots लेने हैं यह पहचानने से आप जल्दी simplify कर सकते हैं और लंबी calculation से बच जाते हैं।

Pattern: Square & Cube Based Simplification

Pattern: Square & Cube Based Simplification

मुख्य idea: Perfect squares/cubes या root expressions को पहले पहचानें, उन्हें evaluate करें (या powers में बदलें), फिर बाकी arithmetic को step-by-step solve करें।

Step-by-Step Example

Question

Simplify: √144 + 5³ - 2²

Options:

  • A) 120
  • B) 128
  • C) 133
  • D) 140

Solution

  1. Step 1: Perfect powers evaluate करें

    √144 = 12 (क्योंकि 12×12 = 144), 5³ = 125 (5×5×5), 2² = 4.
  2. Step 2: Values को expression में रखें

    Expression बनता है: 12 + 125 - 4.
  3. Step 3: Arithmetic करें

    12 + 125 = 137; 137 - 4 = 133.
  4. Final Answer:

    133 → Option C.
  5. Quick Check:

    √144 ≈ 12, 125, 4 → 12 + 125 - 4 = 133 ✅

Quick Variations

1. Mixed: पहले roots और powers evaluate करें जैसे √81 + 2³ × 3.

2. Fractional powers: a^(1/2) = √a, a^(1/3) = ∛a - जब perfect हो तो evaluate करें।

3. Nested powers: (2²)³ = 2^(2×3) = 2⁶ - base repeat होने पर exponents multiply होते हैं।

4. Factorization से simplify करें: √(36×5) = 6√5 जब पूरी तरह root नहीं निकलता।

Trick to Always Use

  • Step 1 → Perfect squares (1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100,121,144,...) और perfect cubes (1,8,27,64,125,...) को जल्दी identify करें।
  • Step 2 → इन powers/roots को तुरंत evaluate करके expression छोटा करें, फिर arithmetic करें।
  • Step 3 → Same base वाले exponents में rules लगाएँ: a^m × a^n = a^(m+n), (a^m)^n = a^(m×n).

Summary

Square & cube based simplification में:

  • हमेशा perfect squares/cubes और exact roots को सबसे पहले evaluate करें।
  • Repeated bases होने पर exponent rules का उपयोग करें।
  • Roots को fractional exponents में बदलकर भी simplify किया जा सकता है (√ = ^1/2, ∛ = ^1/3).
  • Quick-check के लिए roots और powers का approx निकालकर arithmetic verify करें।

Practice

(1/5)
1. Simplify: √81 + 3²
easy
A. 18
B. 19
C. 20
D. 17

Solution

  1. Step 1: Evaluate root and square

    √81 = 9, 3² = 9.
  2. Step 2: Add evaluated values

    9 + 9 = 18.
  3. Final Answer:

    18 → Option A.
  4. Quick Check:

    Both are 9 → 9 + 9 = 18 ✅
Hint: Evaluate perfect squares/roots first, then add.
Common Mistakes: Trying to add before evaluating powers/roots.
2. Simplify: 2³ + 4²
easy
A. 22
B. 24
C. 20
D. 18

Solution

  1. Step 1: Compute each power

    2³ = 8 and 4² = 16.
  2. Step 2: Add values

    8 + 16 = 24.
  3. Final Answer:

    24 → Option B.
  4. Quick Check:

    8 + 16 = 24 ✅
Hint: Compute cube and square separately, then add.
Common Mistakes: Confusing 2³ and 4² or adding before evaluating.
3. Simplify: √121 - 5²
easy
A. -11
B. -12
C. -14
D. -13

Solution

  1. Step 1: Evaluate values

    √121 = 11 and 5² = 25.
  2. Step 2: Subtract second from first

    11 - 25 = -14.
  3. Final Answer:

    -14 → Option C.
  4. Quick Check:

    25 - 11 = 14 → result is -14 ✅
Hint: Evaluate root and square first to avoid sign mistakes.
Common Mistakes: Forgetting subtraction produces negative value.
4. Simplify: (√64 × 2³) + 3²
medium
A. 72
B. 74
C. 68
D. 73

Solution

  1. Step 1: Evaluate powers and roots

    √64 = 8, 2³ = 8, 3² = 9.
  2. Step 2: Multiply first

    8 × 8 = 64.
  3. Step 3: Add final value

    64 + 9 = 73.
  4. Final Answer:

    73 → Option D.
  5. Quick Check:

    64 + 9 = 73 ✅
Hint: Evaluate powers, multiply, then add.
Common Mistakes: Mis-evaluating √64 or mixing up cube values.
5. Simplify: (2²)³ ÷ 4²
medium
A. 4
B. 12
C. 16
D. 8

Solution

  1. Step 1: Use exponent rule

    (2²)³ = 2^(2×3) = 2⁶ = 64.
  2. Step 2: Evaluate denominator

    4² = 16.
  3. Step 3: Divide to simplify

    64 ÷ 16 = 4.
  4. Final Answer:

    4 → Option A.
  5. Quick Check:

    64 ÷ 16 = 4 ✅
Hint: Apply (a^m)^n = a^(m×n) to simplify nested powers.
Common Mistakes: Adding exponents instead of multiplying in nested powers.