0
0

Geometric Progression (G.P.) – nth Term

Introduction

Geometric Progression (G.P.) एक ऐसी number sequence होती है जहाँ first term के बाद हर term पिछले term को एक fixed non-zero number से multiply करने पर मिलता है, जिसे common ratio (r) कहा जाता है। G.P. के nth term का formula जानने से किसी भी specific term को बिना पूरी सूची लिखे आसानी से निकाला जा सकता है।

Pattern: Geometric Progression (G.P.) – nth Term

Pattern

G.P. के nth term (Tₙ) का formula:

Tₙ = a × rⁿ⁻¹

जहाँ a = first term, r = common ratio और n = term number है।

Step-by-Step Example

Question

G.P. 2, 6, 18, 54, … का 7वाँ term निकालें।

Solution

  1. Step 1: a, r और n पहचानें

    First term a = 2
    Common ratio r = 6 ÷ 2 = 3
    Required term n = 7

  2. Step 2: nth term formula apply करें

    T₇ = a × rⁿ⁻¹ = 2 × 3⁶ = 2 × 729 = 1458

  3. Final Answer:

    G.P. का 7वाँ term = 1458

  4. Quick Check:

    6th term = 486 → r से multiply करें → 486 × 3 = 1458 ✅

Quick Variations

1. r fraction हो सकता है → sequence decreasing G.P. बन जाती है।

2. अगर terms alternate sign में हों → r negative होगा।

3. दो terms दिए हों तो r find कर सकते हैं: r = (T₂ / T₁) या r = (Tₙ / Tₘ)^(1/(n-m))

Trick to Always Use

  • Step 1: पहले r निकालें - consecutive terms से सबसे आसान।
  • Step 2: Formula Tₙ = a × rⁿ⁻¹ में exponent बहुत ध्यान से लिखें-गलतियाँ यहीं होती हैं।

Summary

Summary

G.P. में:

  • Consecutive terms का ratio constant होता है।
  • nth term का formula: Tₙ = a × rⁿ⁻¹.
  • r > 1 हो तो sequence तेजी से बढ़ती है; 0 < r < 1 हो तो sequence घटती है।
  • Alternate sign वाली series में r negative होता है।

Practice

(1/5)
1. Find the 6th term of the G.P.: 3, 6, 12, 24, …
easy
A. 72
B. 96
C. 192
D. 384

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify a, r and n

    First term a = 3, common ratio r = 6 ÷ 3 = 2, and term number n = 6.

  2. Step 2: Apply the formula Tₙ = a × rⁿ⁻¹

    T₆ = 3 × 2⁵ = 3 × 32 = 96.

  3. Final Answer:

    The 6th term is 96 → Option B.

  4. Quick Check:

    5th term = 48 → 48 × 2 = 96 ✅

Hint: Multiply the first term by rⁿ⁻¹ directly.
Common Mistakes: Using n instead of (n-1) in the exponent.
2. Find the 5th term of the G.P.: 2, 10, 50, 250, …
easy
A. 1250
B. 2500
C. 6250
D. 3125

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify a, r and n

    First term a = 2, common ratio r = 10 ÷ 2 = 5, and n = 5.

  2. Step 2: Use Tₙ = a × rⁿ⁻¹

    T₅ = 2 × 5⁴ = 2 × 625 = 1250.

  3. Final Answer:

    The 5th term is 1250 → Option A.

  4. Quick Check:

    4th term = 250 → 250 × 5 = 1250 ✅

Hint: Compute powers of r first for large ratios to avoid mistakes.
Common Mistakes: Raising r to n instead of (n-1).
3. Find the 8th term of the G.P.: 81, 27, 9, 3, …
easy
A. 1
B. 1/3
C. 1/9
D. 1/27

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify a, r and n

    First term a = 81, common ratio r = 27 ÷ 81 = 1/3, and n = 8.

  2. Step 2: Apply the nth term formula

    T₈ = 81 × (1/3)⁷ = 81 ÷ 3⁷ = 81 ÷ 2187 = 1/27.

  3. Final Answer:

    The 8th term is 1/27 → Option D.

  4. Quick Check:

    Each term divides by 3; continuing the pattern gives 1/27 ✅

Hint: When r < 1, think in terms of division by the denominator of r.
Common Mistakes: Multiplying instead of dividing when r is a fraction.
4. If the 3rd term of a G.P. is 24 and the 5th term is 216, find the common ratio.
medium
A. 2
B. 4
C. 3
D. 5

Solution

  1. Step 1: Express the given terms in terms of a and r

    T₃ = ar² = 24 and T₅ = ar⁴ = 216.

  2. Step 2: Divide T₅ by T₃ to eliminate a

    (ar⁴) / (ar²) = r² = 216 / 24 = 9.

  3. Step 3: Take square root to find r

    r = √9 = 3.

  4. Final Answer:

    The common ratio is 3 → Option C.

  5. Quick Check:

    If r = 3, then multiplying 24 by 9 gives 216 ✅

Hint: Divide non-consecutive terms to get r^(difference in indices), then root accordingly.
Common Mistakes: Forgetting to take the appropriate root when powers appear.
5. If the 2nd term of a G.P. is 6 and the 5th term is 162, find the 1st term.
medium
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

Solution

  1. Step 1: Write the given terms using a and r

    T₂ = ar = 6 and T₅ = ar⁴ = 162.

  2. Step 2: Divide to find r³

    (ar⁴) / (ar) = r³ = 162 / 6 = 27 ⇒ r = 3.

  3. Step 3: Back-substitute to find a

    a = T₂ / r = 6 / 3 = 2.

  4. Final Answer:

    The first term is 2 → Option A.

  5. Quick Check:

    Check T₅ = 2 × 3⁴ = 2 × 81 = 162 ✅

Hint: Use division of terms to find powers of r, then compute a from one term.
Common Mistakes: Mistakes when isolating r³ or when dividing to find a.

Mock Test

Ready for a challenge?

Take a 10-minute AI-powered test with 10 questions (Easy-Medium-Hard mix) and get instant SWOT analysis of your performance!

10 Questions
5 Minutes