Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) basics in Solidworks - Cell-by-Cell Formula Trace

Sample Data

This data shows two features with their nominal sizes and tolerances. The goal is to calculate the maximum and minimum sizes allowed by the tolerances.

Cell	Value
A1	Feature
B1	Nominal Size (mm)
C1	Tolerance (mm)
D1	Max Size (mm)
E1	Min Size (mm)
A2	Hole Diameter
B2	10
C2	±0.1
A3	Shaft Diameter
B3	9.8
C3	±0.05

Formula Trace

Max Size = Nominal Size + Tolerance; Min Size = Nominal Size - Tolerance

Step 1: Max Size for Hole Diameter = 10 + 0.1

Step 2: Min Size for Hole Diameter = 10 - 0.1

Step 3: Max Size for Shaft Diameter = 9.8 + 0.05

Step 4: Min Size for Shaft Diameter = 9.8 - 0.05

Cell Reference Map

    A           B           C           D           E
1 | Feature | Nominal Size | Tolerance  | Max Size  | Min Size  |
2 | Hole Diameter |     10      |   ±0.1     |           |           |
3 | Shaft Diameter |    9.8      |   ±0.05    |           |           |

The formula uses Nominal Size (column B) and Tolerance (column C) to calculate Max Size (column D) and Min Size (column E).

Result

    A           B           C           D           E
1 | Feature | Nominal Size | Tolerance  | Max Size  | Min Size  |
2 | Hole Diameter |     10      |   ±0.1     |   10.1    |   9.9     |
3 | Shaft Diameter |    9.8      |   ±0.05    |   9.85    |   9.75    |

The Max Size and Min Size columns show the allowed size range for each feature based on the nominal size and tolerance.

Sheet Trace Quiz - 3 Questions

What is the maximum size allowed for the Hole Diameter?

A 9.9

B 10.1

C 10.0

D 9.8

Key Result

Max Size = Nominal Size + Tolerance; Min Size = Nominal Size - Tolerance

Practice

1. What is the main purpose of Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) in SolidWorks?
GD&T helps to:

easy

A. Define allowable variations to ensure parts fit and function together

B. Create 3D models faster

C. Improve the color scheme of the design

D. Reduce the file size of CAD models

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand GD&T purpose

   GD&T is used to specify allowable variations in part features to ensure proper fit and function.

2. Step 2: Compare options to GD&T role

   Only Define allowable variations to ensure parts fit and function together correctly describes this purpose; others relate to unrelated CAD tasks.

3. Final Answer:

   Define allowable variations to ensure parts fit and function together -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   GD&T = Allowable variations for fit [OK]

Hint: GD&T controls fit and function, not modeling speed [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing GD&T with modeling tools
• Thinking GD&T changes visual styles
• Assuming GD&T reduces file size

2. Which of the following is the correct symbol for a flatness tolerance in GD&T?

easy

A. A straight horizontal line inside a rectangle

B. A circle with a diagonal line

C. A parallelogram

D. A triangle

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall flatness symbol

   The flatness symbol is a straight horizontal line inside a rectangular frame.

2. Step 2: Match options to symbol

   A straight horizontal line inside a rectangle matches the flatness symbol; others represent different or incorrect symbols.

3. Final Answer:

   A straight horizontal line inside a rectangle -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Flatness symbol = horizontal line in rectangle [OK]

Hint: Flatness symbol looks like a flat line in a box [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing flatness with circularity symbol
• Selecting shapes unrelated to GD&T
• Mixing up symbols for different tolerances

3. Given a part with a datum feature frame referencing datum A and a positional tolerance of 0.1 applied to a hole, what does this imply about the hole's location?

medium

A. The hole's depth tolerance is 0.1 units

B. The hole diameter must be exactly 0.1 units

C. The hole can be anywhere on the part surface

D. The hole's center must be within 0.1 units of the true position relative to datum A

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand positional tolerance with datum

   Positional tolerance controls the allowable deviation of a feature's location relative to a datum.

2. Step 2: Interpret 0.1 positional tolerance

   The hole's center must lie within a 0.1 unit zone around the true position defined by datum A.

3. Final Answer:

   The hole's center must be within 0.1 units of the true position relative to datum A -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Positional tolerance = location within 0.1 units [OK]

Hint: Positional tolerance limits location, not size [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing positional tolerance with size tolerance
• Ignoring datum reference
• Assuming tolerance applies to hole depth

4. A GD&T feature control frame is missing the datum reference after the positional tolerance symbol. What is the likely issue?

medium

A. The tolerance is ignored by inspection software

B. The tolerance applies globally without reference

C. The tolerance is incomplete and may cause manufacturing errors

D. The feature is automatically datum A

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify role of datum references

   Datum references specify the exact location or orientation basis for the tolerance.

2. Step 2: Understand missing datum impact

   Without datum reference, the tolerance lacks context, making it incomplete and risky for manufacturing.

3. Final Answer:

   The tolerance is incomplete and may cause manufacturing errors -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Missing datum = incomplete tolerance [OK]

Hint: Always include datum references in feature control frames [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming tolerance applies without datum
• Thinking software ignores missing datum silently
• Believing default datum is assigned automatically

5. You have a cylindrical part with a diameter tolerance of 50 ±0.1 mm and a concentricity tolerance of 0.05 mm relative to datum A. What does this combination ensure about the part?

hard

A. The cylinder can have any diameter but must be concentric within 0.05 mm

B. The cylinder's diameter is within 49.9 to 50.1 mm and its axis is within 0.05 mm of datum A's axis

C. The cylinder's diameter is exactly 50 mm and concentricity is ignored

D. The part's length is controlled by these tolerances

Solution

1. Step 1: Interpret diameter tolerance

   The diameter must be between 49.9 mm and 50.1 mm, allowing ±0.1 mm variation.

2. Step 2: Interpret concentricity tolerance

   The cylinder's axis must be within 0.05 mm of the axis of datum A, ensuring alignment.

3. Final Answer:

   The cylinder's diameter is within 49.9 to 50.1 mm and its axis is within 0.05 mm of datum A's axis -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Diameter ±0.1 and concentricity 0.05 ensure size and alignment [OK]

Hint: Diameter controls size; concentricity controls axis alignment [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Ignoring diameter tolerance range
• Confusing concentricity with diameter size
• Assuming length is controlled by these tolerances