Test class using page objects in Selenium Python

Introduction

Using page objects helps keep your test code clean and easy to understand by separating page details from test steps.

When you want to test a website with many pages or elements.

When you want to reuse code for interacting with the same page in multiple tests.

When you want to make your tests easier to maintain if the website changes.

When you want to write clear and simple test cases without repeating locator details.

Syntax

Selenium Python

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import unittest
from selenium import webdriver

class PageName:
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.element_locator = (By.ID, 'element_id')

    def action_method(self):
        element = self.driver.find_element(*self.element_locator)
        element.click()


class TestClass(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.page = PageName(self.driver)

    def test_something(self):
        self.driver.get('https://example.com')
        self.page.action_method()
        self.assertTrue(True)

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()

Page classes hold locators and methods to interact with page elements.

Test classes use page objects to perform actions and assertions.

Examples

This page object represents a login page with a method to perform login.

Selenium Python

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class LoginPage:
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.username_input = (By.NAME, 'username')
        self.password_input = (By.NAME, 'password')
        self.login_button = (By.ID, 'loginBtn')

    def login(self, username, password):
        self.driver.find_element(*self.username_input).send_keys(username)
        self.driver.find_element(*self.password_input).send_keys(password)
        self.driver.find_element(*self.login_button).click()

This test class uses the LoginPage object to test a valid login scenario.

Selenium Python

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver

class TestLogin(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.login_page = LoginPage(self.driver)

    def test_valid_login(self):
        self.driver.get('https://example.com/login')
        self.login_page.login('user1', 'pass123')
        self.assertIn('Dashboard', self.driver.title)

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()

Sample Program

This test opens Google, searches for 'Selenium testing', and checks the page title contains the search term.

Selenium Python

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class HomePage:
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.search_box = (By.NAME, 'q')
        self.search_button = (By.NAME, 'btnK')

    def search(self, text):
        self.driver.find_element(*self.search_box).send_keys(text)
        self.driver.find_element(*self.search_button).click()

class TestGoogleSearch(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.home_page = HomePage(self.driver)

    def test_search(self):
        self.driver.get('https://www.google.com')
        self.home_page.search('Selenium testing')
        self.assertIn('Selenium testing', self.driver.title)

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

Important Notes

Use clear and unique locators to avoid flaky tests.

Keep page object methods focused on one action for clarity.

Always quit the browser in tearDown to free resources.

Summary

Page objects separate page details from test logic.

Test classes use page objects to perform actions and checks.

This approach makes tests easier to read and maintain.

Practice

1. What is the main purpose of using a page object in Selenium test classes?

easy

A. To separate page details from test logic for easier maintenance

B. To write all test steps inside the test class directly

C. To avoid using locators in tests

D. To run tests faster by skipping page loading

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand page object role

   Page objects hold locators and page actions, separating them from test logic.

2. Step 2: Recognize test class role

   Test classes use page objects to perform actions and assertions, improving readability and maintenance.

3. Final Answer:

   To separate page details from test logic for easier maintenance -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Page objects separate page details = C [OK]

Hint: Page objects keep page info separate from tests [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking tests should contain locators directly
• Believing page objects speed up test execution
• Confusing page objects with test runners

2. Which of the following is the correct way to define a page object class in Python using Selenium?

easy

A. class LoginPage:
def __init__(self):
self.username_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'username')

B. def LoginPage(driver):
username_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'username')

C. class LoginPage:
def __init__(self, driver):
self.driver = driver
self.username_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'username')

D. class LoginPage:
def __init__(self, driver):
self.username_input = driver.find_element('username')

Solution

1. Step 1: Check class and constructor syntax

   class LoginPage: def __init__(self, driver): self.driver = driver self.username_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'username') correctly defines a class with __init__ accepting driver and assigns driver to self.driver.

2. Step 2: Verify locator usage

   class LoginPage: def __init__(self, driver): self.driver = driver self.username_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'username') uses driver.find_element with By.ID and locator string, which is correct Selenium syntax.

3. Final Answer:

   Correct page object class with driver parameter and locator using By.ID -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Class with __init__(driver) and By.ID locator = A [OK]

Hint: Page object classes need __init__(self, driver) and proper locators [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Missing driver parameter in __init__
• Using driver.find_element without By selector
• Defining page object as a function instead of class

3. Given the following test class using a page object, what will be printed if the username input is found and the page title is 'Login Page'?

class LoginPage:
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
    def get_title(self):
        return self.driver.title

class TestLogin:
    def test_title(self, driver):
        page = LoginPage(driver)
        print(page.get_title())

# Assume driver.title = 'Login Page'

medium

A. None

B. Login Page

C. driver.title

D. Error: driver not defined

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand get_title method

   get_title returns driver.title, which is 'Login Page' as given.

2. Step 2: Check test_title method output

   test_title creates LoginPage instance and prints get_title result, so it prints 'Login Page'.

3. Final Answer:

   Login Page -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   page.get_title() returns 'Login Page' [OK]

Hint: get_title returns driver.title, prints page title string [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing method return with attribute name
• Assuming print outputs None
• Thinking driver is undefined inside test method

4. Identify the error in this test class using a page object:

class LoginPage:
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
    def enter_username(self, username):
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'username').send_keys(username)

class TestLogin:
    def test_enter_username(self, driver):
        page = LoginPage()
        page.enter_username('user1')

medium

A. LoginPage is instantiated without driver argument

B. send_keys method is called incorrectly

C. By.ID locator is invalid

D. test_enter_username method missing self parameter

Solution

1. Step 1: Check LoginPage instantiation

   LoginPage requires driver argument in __init__, but called without arguments in test_enter_username.

2. Step 2: Verify other code parts

   send_keys usage and By.ID locator are correct; test_enter_username has self parameter as method of class.

3. Final Answer:

   LoginPage is instantiated without driver argument -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Missing driver argument in LoginPage() call = B [OK]

Hint: Check constructor arguments when creating page object instances [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Forgetting to pass driver to page object constructor
• Assuming send_keys needs different syntax
• Confusing locator syntax errors

5. You want to write a test class that uses a page object to check if a login button is visible and clickable. Which approach correctly combines page object and test class methods?

hard

A. Test class calls page object method that returns the button WebElement but does not check visibility

B. Test class directly uses driver.find_element to check button visibility, ignoring page object

C. Page object only stores locators; test class performs all actions and assertions

D. Page object has method is_login_button_clickable() returning True/False; test class asserts this method's result

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand page object responsibility

   Page objects should provide methods that check element states like visibility and clickability.

2. Step 2: Understand test class responsibility

   Test class uses page object methods to assert expected conditions, keeping test logic separate from page details.

3. Final Answer:

   Page object has method is_login_button_clickable() returning True/False; test class asserts this method's result -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Page object checks state, test asserts result = D [OK]

Hint: Page object checks element state; test asserts result [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Mixing locator logic inside test class
• Not returning boolean from page object methods
• Ignoring visibility checks in tests