Preconditions (2)

Step 1: Open the browser and navigate to 'https://example.com/login'

Step 2: Enter 'testuser' in the username input field

Step 3: Enter 'Test@1234' in the password input field

Step 4: Click the login button

Step 5: Wait for the dashboard page to load

✅ Expected Result: User is successfully logged in and the dashboard page URL contains '/dashboard'

Automation Requirements - Selenium with Python unittest

Assertions Needed:

Verify the current URL contains '/dashboard' after login

Verify the login button is clickable before clicking

Verify username and password fields are present before input

Best Practices:

Use Page Object Model to separate page elements and actions

Use explicit waits to wait for elements to be interactable

Use unittest framework for test structure and assertions

Keep locators in the page object class using By selectors

Automated Solution

Selenium Python

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class LoginPage:
    URL = "https://example.com/login"
    USERNAME_INPUT = (By.ID, "username")
    PASSWORD_INPUT = (By.ID, "password")
    LOGIN_BUTTON = (By.ID, "loginBtn")

    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver

    def load(self):
        self.driver.get(self.URL)

    def enter_username(self, username):
        WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(
            EC.visibility_of_element_located(self.USERNAME_INPUT)
        ).send_keys(username)

    def enter_password(self, password):
        WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(
            EC.visibility_of_element_located(self.PASSWORD_INPUT)
        ).send_keys(password)

    def click_login(self):
        login_button = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable(self.LOGIN_BUTTON)
        )
        login_button.click()

class TestLogin(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.login_page = LoginPage(self.driver)

    def test_valid_login(self):
        self.login_page.load()
        self.login_page.enter_username("testuser")
        self.login_page.enter_password("Test@1234")
        self.login_page.click_login()

        WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(
            EC.url_contains("/dashboard")
        )
        current_url = self.driver.current_url
        self.assertIn("/dashboard", current_url, "Dashboard URL not found after login")

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

This test uses the Page Object Model to keep the login page elements and actions in the LoginPage class. This makes the test code cleaner and easier to maintain.

The LoginPage class defines locators as tuples using By.ID for better readability and maintainability.

Explicit waits (WebDriverWait) ensure the test waits for elements to be visible or clickable before interacting, avoiding flaky tests.

The test class TestLogin uses Python's unittest framework for structure and assertions.

Setup and teardown methods open and close the browser for each test, ensuring a clean state.

The test verifies the URL contains '/dashboard' after login to confirm success.

Common Mistakes - 3 Pitfalls

Using hardcoded sleep instead of explicit waits

Locating elements directly in the test instead of using page objects

Not verifying elements are present before interacting

Bonus Challenge

Now add data-driven testing with 3 different sets of username and password inputs to test multiple login scenarios.

Show Hint