Window handles in Selenium Python - Interactive Code Practice

Practice - 5 Tasks

1fill in blank

easy

Complete the code to get the current window handle.

Selenium Python

current_handle = driver.[1]

Drag options to blanks, or click blank then click option'

Acurrent_window_handle

Bcurrent_window

Attempts:

3 left

💡 Hint

Common Mistakes

Using 'current_window' which is not a valid property.

Trying to access window handles as a method with parentheses.

The property current_window_handle returns the handle of the current browser window.

2fill in blank

medium

Complete the code to get all open window handles.

Selenium Python

all_handles = driver.[1]

Drag options to blanks, or click blank then click option'

Awindow_handles

Bwindow_handles()

Cget_window_handles()

Dhandles

Attempts:

3 left

💡 Hint

Common Mistakes

Adding parentheses to 'window_handles' making it a method call.

Using incorrect method names like 'get_window_handles()'.

The property window_handles returns a list of all open window handles.

3fill in blank

hard

Fix the error in switching to a new window handle.

Selenium Python

driver.[1](new_handle)

Drag options to blanks, or click blank then click option'

Aswitch_to_window

Bswitch_to.window

CswitchToWindow

Dswitch_window

Attempts:

3 left

💡 Hint

Common Mistakes

Using deprecated or incorrect method names like 'switch_to_window'.

Missing the 'switch_to' part before 'window'.

The correct way to switch windows in Selenium Python is driver.switch_to.window(handle).

4fill in blank

hard

Fill both blanks to create a dictionary of window handles and their titles.

Selenium Python

handles_titles = {handle: driver.switch_to.[1](handle).title for handle in driver.[2]

Drag options to blanks, or click blank then click option'

Awindow

Bwindow_handles

Ccurrent_window_handle

Dswitch_window

Attempts:

3 left

💡 Hint

Common Mistakes

Using 'current_window_handle' instead of 'window_handles' for all handles.

Using 'switch_window' which is not a valid method.

Use driver.switch_to.window(handle) to switch to each window and driver.window_handles to get all handles.

5fill in blank

hard

Fill all three blanks to close all windows except the original one.

Selenium Python

original = driver.[1]
for handle in driver.[2]:
    if handle != original:
        driver.switch_to.[3](handle)
        driver.close()

Drag options to blanks, or click blank then click option'

Acurrent_window_handle

Bwindow_handles

Cwindow

Dswitch_window

Attempts:

3 left

💡 Hint

Common Mistakes

Using 'switch_window' which is not a valid method.

Not switching to the window before closing it.

Get the original window handle, loop through all handles, switch to each except original, then close.

Practice

1. What does driver.window_handles return in Selenium?

easy

A. The size of the browser window

B. The title of the current browser window

C. The URL of the current page

D. A list of all open browser window handles

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of driver.window_handles

   This command returns all the unique IDs (handles) of open browser windows or tabs controlled by Selenium.

2. Step 2: Differentiate from other window properties

   It does not return titles, URLs, or sizes, only handles to switch between windows.

3. Final Answer:

   A list of all open browser window handles -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   window_handles = list of handles [OK]

Hint: window_handles gives all open windows as a list [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing window_handles with current window title
• Expecting a single handle instead of a list
• Using window_handles to get URL or size

2. Which of the following is the correct syntax to switch to a new window using Selenium in Python?

easy

A. driver.switch.window(new_window_handle)

B. driver.switch_to.window(new_window_handle)

C. driver.switchTo().window(new_window_handle)

D. driver.switch_window(new_window_handle)

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall Selenium Python syntax for switching windows

   The correct method is driver.switch_to.window(handle) to switch context to the window with the given handle.

2. Step 2: Identify incorrect syntax options

   Options B, C, and D use incorrect method names or Java-like syntax not valid in Python Selenium.

3. Final Answer:

   driver.switch_to.window(new_window_handle) -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Use switch_to.window() in Python Selenium [OK]

Hint: Use driver.switch_to.window(handle) to switch windows [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using Java syntax like switchTo() in Python
• Missing '_to' in switch_to
• Using non-existent methods like switch_window

3. Given the following code snippet, what will be printed?

original_handle = driver.current_window_handle
all_handles = driver.window_handles
for handle in all_handles:
    if handle != original_handle:
        driver.switch_to.window(handle)
        print(driver.title)
        break

medium

A. The title of the original window

B. No output because loop never runs

C. The title of the new window (not original)

D. An error because of wrong handle usage

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the code logic

   The code saves the original window handle, then loops through all handles. It switches to the first handle that is not the original.

2. Step 2: Determine what is printed

   After switching, it prints the title of the new window and breaks the loop, so it prints the new window's title.

3. Final Answer:

   The title of the new window (not original) -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Switch to non-original window, print title [OK]

Hint: Switch to non-original handle to get new window title [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Expecting original window title to print
• Confusing current_window_handle with window_handles
• Thinking loop does not run

4. What is wrong with this code snippet for switching to a new window?

new_window = driver.window_handles[1]
driver.switch_to.window(new_window)
driver.close()

medium

A. Index 1 may not exist if only one window is open

B. switch_to.window() is not a valid method

C. It closes the new window instead of switching back

D. driver.close() closes all windows

Solution

1. Step 1: Analyze window_handles indexing

   Accessing index 1 assumes there are at least two windows open. If only one window exists, index 1 causes an IndexError.

2. Step 2: Check other statements

   switch_to.window() is valid, driver.close() closes only current window, so no issue there.

3. Final Answer:

   Index 1 may not exist if only one window is open -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Check window_handles length before indexing [OK]

Hint: Always check window_handles length before indexing [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming multiple windows always exist
• Thinking driver.close() closes all windows
• Confusing method names

5. You open a new tab in Selenium and want to switch to it, but you don't know its handle. Which code snippet correctly switches to the new tab?

hard

A. new_handle = [h for h in driver.window_handles if h != driver.current_window_handle][0]
driver.switch_to.window(new_handle)

B. driver.switch_to.window(driver.current_window_handle + 1)

C. driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[-1])

D. driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[0])

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the problem

   You want to switch to the new tab but only know the current window handle, not the new one.

2. Step 2: Analyze each option

   new_handle = [h for h in driver.window_handles if h != driver.current_window_handle][0] driver.switch_to.window(new_handle) finds the handle that is not the current one and switches to it correctly.
   driver.switch_to.window(driver.current_window_handle + 1) tries to add 1 to a string handle, causing error.
   driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[-1]) switches to the last handle, which may work but is unsafe if multiple windows exist.
   driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[0]) switches back to the original window, not the new tab.

3. Final Answer:

   Use list comprehension to find new handle and switch -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Find new handle by exclusion, then switch [OK]

Hint: Find new handle by excluding current, then switch [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Adding 1 to a string handle (invalid)
• Assuming last handle is always new
• Switching to original window by mistake