Verify login functionality using Page Object Model

Preconditions (2)

Step 1: Open the login page URL

Step 2: Enter 'testuser@example.com' in the email input field

Step 3: Enter 'Test@1234' in the password input field

Step 4: Click the login button

Step 5: Verify that the user is redirected to the dashboard page

✅ Expected Result: User successfully logs in and dashboard page is displayed

Automation Requirements - Selenium with Python

Assertions Needed:

Verify current URL is dashboard URL after login

Verify login button is clickable before clicking

Verify email and password fields accept input

Best Practices:

Use Page Object Model to separate page locators and actions

Use explicit waits to wait for elements

Keep test logic separate from page interaction code

Automated Solution

Selenium Python

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class LoginPage:
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.email_input = (By.ID, 'email')
        self.password_input = (By.ID, 'password')
        self.login_button = (By.ID, 'loginBtn')

    def enter_email(self, email):
        email_field = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(
            EC.visibility_of_element_located(self.email_input))
        email_field.clear()
        email_field.send_keys(email)

    def enter_password(self, password):
        password_field = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(
            EC.visibility_of_element_located(self.password_input))
        password_field.clear()
        password_field.send_keys(password)

    def click_login(self):
        login_btn = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable(self.login_button))
        login_btn.click()


def test_login():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get('https://example.com/login')

    login_page = LoginPage(driver)
    login_page.enter_email('testuser@example.com')
    login_page.enter_password('Test@1234')
    login_page.click_login()

    WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.url_contains('/dashboard'))

    assert '/dashboard' in driver.current_url, 'Dashboard URL not loaded after login'

    driver.quit()

This code uses the Page Object Model (POM) to organize test code.

The LoginPage class holds all locators and actions for the login page. This keeps selectors and interaction logic in one place.

The test function test_login uses this class to perform steps clearly and simply.

Explicit waits ensure elements are ready before interacting, avoiding flaky tests.

Assertions check that the login succeeded by verifying the URL.

This separation makes the test easier to read, maintain, and update if the page changes.

Common Mistakes - 3 Pitfalls

Putting locators and test steps together in the test function

Not using explicit waits before interacting with elements

Hardcoding URLs and credentials inside test functions

Bonus Challenge

Now add data-driven testing with 3 different sets of login credentials

Show Hint