Switching between windows in Selenium Java - Test Execution Trace

Test Overview

This test opens a webpage, clicks a link that opens a new window, switches to the new window, verifies its title, then switches back to the original window and verifies its title.

Test Code - JUnit 5 with Selenium WebDriver

Selenium Java

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
import java.util.Set;

public class WindowSwitchTest {
    WebDriver driver;

    @BeforeEach
    public void setUp() {
        driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("https://example.com");
    }

    @Test
    public void testSwitchBetweenWindows() {
        String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();

        driver.findElement(By.id("open-new-window")).click();

        Set<String> allWindows = driver.getWindowHandles();
        for (String windowHandle : allWindows) {
            if (!windowHandle.equals(originalWindow)) {
                driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle);
                break;
            }
        }

        Assertions.assertEquals("New Window Title", driver.getTitle());

        driver.close();

        driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);

        Assertions.assertEquals("Original Window Title", driver.getTitle());
    }

    @AfterEach
    public void tearDown() {
        driver.quit();
    }
}

Execution Trace - 7 Steps

Step	Action	System State	Assertion	Result
1	Test starts and Chrome browser opens the URL https://example.com	Browser shows the original page with title 'Original Window Title' and a button with id 'open-new-window'	-	PASS
2	Find element with id 'open-new-window' and click it	A new browser window opens alongside the original window	-	PASS
3	Get all window handles and switch to the new window (not the original)	Driver context is now the new window	-	PASS
4	Check the title of the new window	New window is visible with title 'New Window Title'	Assert that title equals 'New Window Title'	PASS
5	Close the new window	New window closes, original window remains open	-	PASS
6	Switch back to the original window	Driver context is back to original window	-	PASS
7	Check the title of the original window	Original window is visible with title 'Original Window Title'	Assert that title equals 'Original Window Title'	PASS

Failure Scenario

Failing Condition: The new window does not open or the window handle is not found

Execution Trace Quiz - 3 Questions

What does the test do immediately after clicking the element with id 'open-new-window'?

A It switches to the new window using its window handle

B It closes the original window

C It refreshes the current page

D It asserts the title of the original window

Key Result

Always store the original window handle before opening a new window so you can switch back reliably after testing the new window.