Navigation (back, forward, refresh) in Selenium Java - Test Execution Trace

Test Overview

This test opens a website, navigates to another page, then uses browser navigation commands: back, forward, and refresh. It verifies the page titles after each navigation step to confirm correct behavior.

Test Code - JUnit with Selenium WebDriver

Selenium Java

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

public class NavigationTest {
    static WebDriver driver;

    @BeforeAll
    public static void setup() {
        driver = new ChromeDriver();
    }

    @Test
    public void testNavigationBackForwardRefresh() {
        driver.get("https://example.com");
        String firstPageTitle = driver.getTitle();

        driver.navigate().to("https://example.com/more-info");
        String secondPageTitle = driver.getTitle();

        driver.navigate().back();
        String backPageTitle = driver.getTitle();
        assertEquals(firstPageTitle, backPageTitle, "Back navigation should return to first page");

        driver.navigate().forward();
        String forwardPageTitle = driver.getTitle();
        assertEquals(secondPageTitle, forwardPageTitle, "Forward navigation should go to second page");

        driver.navigate().refresh();
        String refreshedTitle = driver.getTitle();
        assertEquals(secondPageTitle, refreshedTitle, "Refresh should keep the same page title");
    }

    @AfterAll
    public static void teardown() {
        if (driver != null) {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }
}

Execution Trace - 7 Steps

Step	Action	System State	Assertion	Result
1	Test starts and Chrome browser opens	Browser window is open, no page loaded yet	-	PASS
2	Navigate to https://example.com	Browser displays the example.com homepage	Page title is captured as firstPageTitle	PASS
3	Navigate to https://example.com/more-info	Browser displays the more-info page	Page title is captured as secondPageTitle	PASS
4	Navigate back to previous page	Browser displays the example.com homepage again	Assert page title equals firstPageTitle	PASS
5	Navigate forward to more-info page	Browser displays the more-info page again	Assert page title equals secondPageTitle	PASS
6	Refresh the current page	Browser reloads the more-info page	Assert page title equals secondPageTitle	PASS
7	Test ends and browser closes	Browser window is closed	-	PASS

Failure Scenario

Failing Condition: Page title after navigation does not match expected title

Execution Trace Quiz - 3 Questions

What does the test verify after calling driver.navigate().back()?

A The page title matches the first page visited

B The browser closes

C The page URL changes to a new site

D The page content is refreshed

Key Result

Always verify page titles or unique page elements after navigation commands to ensure the browser is on the expected page.