[Solved] Given this class hierarchy: class Vehicle; end class Car < Vehicle; end class Truck < Vehicle; end obj = Car.new Which expression returns true only if obj is exactly a Car, not a subclass? | Ruby

Ruby - Variables and Data Types

Given this class hierarchy:

class Vehicle; end
class Car < Vehicle; end
class Truck < Vehicle; end

obj = Car.new

Which expression returns true only if obj is exactly a Car, not a subclass?

Aobj.instance_of?(Car)

Bobj.is_a?(Car)

Cobj.class == Vehicle

Dobj.kind_of?(Vehicle)

Step-by-Step Solution

Solution:

Step 1: Understand exact class check
.instance_of?(Car) returns true only if obj is exactly Car, not subclass.
Step 2: Compare with other options
.is_a?(Car) and .kind_of?(Vehicle) return true for subclasses; obj.class == Vehicle is false here.
Final Answer:
obj.instance_of?(Car) -> Option A
Quick Check:
Use .instance_of? for exact class match [OK]

Quick Trick: Use .instance_of? to exclude subclasses [OK]

Common Mistakes:

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