Hash methods (keys, values, each) in Ruby - Mini Project: Build & Apply

Explore Ruby Hash Methods: keys, values, each

📖 Scenario: You work at a small bookstore. You have a list of books with their prices stored in a Ruby hash. You want to learn how to get all the book titles, all the prices, and how to look at each book and its price one by one.

🎯 Goal: Build a Ruby program that creates a hash of books and prices, stores the list of book titles and prices separately, and then prints each book with its price using a loop.

📋 What You'll Learn

Create a hash called books with these exact entries: 'Ruby Basics' => 25, 'JavaScript Guide' => 30, 'Python 101' => 20

Create a variable called titles that stores all the keys from the books hash

Create a variable called prices that stores all the values from the books hash

Use books.each with block variables title and price to print each book title and its price

💡 Why This Matters

🌍 Real World

Managing collections of items with prices is common in stores, inventories, and online shops. Hashes help store and access this data easily.

💼 Career

Understanding how to work with hashes and their methods is essential for Ruby developers working on backend systems, data processing, and web applications.

1

Create the books hash

Create a hash called books with these exact entries: 'Ruby Basics' => 25, 'JavaScript Guide' => 30, 'Python 101' => 20

Ruby

# Create the books hash with the given entries
# Your code here

Need a hint?

Use curly braces {} to create a hash. Separate keys and values with =>.

2

Get all book titles and prices

Create a variable called titles that stores all the keys from the books hash using books.keys. Also create a variable called prices that stores all the values from the books hash using books.values.

Ruby

books = { 'Ruby Basics' => 25, 'JavaScript Guide' => 30, 'Python 101' => 20 }
# Create titles and prices variables using books.keys and books.values
# Your code here

Need a hint?

Use hash.keys to get all keys and hash.values to get all values.

3

Use each to loop over books

Use books.each with block variables title and price to loop over the hash and print each book title and its price in the format: "Ruby Basics costs $25".

Ruby

books = { 'Ruby Basics' => 25, 'JavaScript Guide' => 30, 'Python 101' => 20 }
titles = books.keys
prices = books.values
# Use books.each with title and price to print each book and price
# Your code here

Need a hint?

Use each do |key, value| ... end to loop over a hash. Use puts to print.

4

Print titles and prices lists

Print the titles variable and then print the prices variable, each on its own line.

Ruby

books = { 'Ruby Basics' => 25, 'JavaScript Guide' => 30, 'Python 101' => 20 }
titles = books.keys
prices = books.values
books.each do |title, price|
  puts "#{title} costs $#{price}"
end
# Print titles and prices variables
# Your code here

Need a hint?

Use puts titles and puts prices to print the arrays.