Basic authentication in Rest API

Introduction

Basic authentication helps a server check who you are by asking for a username and password. It keeps things simple and quick.

When you want to protect a simple API so only certain users can access it.

When testing an API that requires a username and password.

When you need a quick way to add security without complex setup.

When building a small app where users must log in to see their data.

Syntax

Rest API

Authorization: Basic base64(username:password)

The username and password are joined by a colon and then encoded in base64.

This header is sent with each request to prove who you are.

Examples

This means username is 'user' and password is 'pass' encoded in base64.

Rest API

Authorization: Basic dXNlcjpwYXNz

Here username is 'admin' and password is '1234'.

Rest API

Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46MTIzNA==

Sample Program

This program shows how to send a request with Basic authentication. It encodes the username and password, adds them to the header, and calls a test API that requires these credentials.

Rest API

import base64
import requests

username = 'user'
password = 'pass'

# Combine username and password
user_pass = f'{username}:{password}'

# Encode to base64
encoded = base64.b64encode(user_pass.encode()).decode()

# Prepare headers with Basic Auth
headers = {'Authorization': f'Basic {encoded}'}

# Example URL (replace with real API endpoint)
url = 'https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/pass'

# Send GET request with headers
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

# Print status and response JSON
print('Status code:', response.status_code)
print('Response:', response.json())

Important Notes

Basic authentication sends credentials in base64, which is not encrypted. Use HTTPS to keep it safe.

Each request must include the Authorization header with the encoded credentials.

For better security, consider more advanced methods like token-based authentication.

Summary

Basic authentication uses a username and password encoded in base64 sent in the Authorization header.

It is simple but should be used only over secure connections (HTTPS).

It is useful for quick and easy protection of APIs or services.

Practice

1. What does Basic Authentication in REST API primarily use to verify a user?

easy

A. An API key sent as a query parameter

B. A username and password encoded in base64 sent in the Authorization header

C. OAuth tokens in the request body

D. IP address filtering

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand Basic Authentication mechanism

   Basic Authentication sends a username and password encoded in base64 in the Authorization header.

2. Step 2: Compare with other authentication methods

   API keys, OAuth tokens, and IP filtering are different methods, not Basic Authentication.

3. Final Answer:

   A username and password encoded in base64 sent in the Authorization header -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Basic Auth = username:password base64 in header [OK]

Hint: Basic Auth always uses base64 username:password in header [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing Basic Auth with API key or OAuth
• Thinking credentials are sent in URL or body
• Ignoring base64 encoding step

2. Which of the following is the correct format of the Authorization header for Basic Authentication?

easy

A. Authorization: ApiKey base64encodedstring

B. Authorization: Bearer base64encodedstring

C. Authorization: Token base64encodedstring

D. Authorization: Basic base64encodedstring

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall the header format for Basic Authentication

   The header must start with the word 'Basic' followed by a space and then the base64 encoded credentials.

2. Step 2: Eliminate other header types

   'Bearer', 'Token', and 'ApiKey' are used in other authentication schemes, not Basic Auth.

3. Final Answer:

   Authorization: Basic base64encodedstring -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Basic Auth header starts with 'Basic' [OK]

Hint: Basic Auth header always starts with 'Basic ' [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using 'Bearer' instead of 'Basic'
• Omitting the space after 'Basic'
• Confusing with other auth schemes

3. Given the username 'user' and password 'pass', what is the value of the Authorization header in Basic Authentication?

medium

A. Authorization: Basic dXNlcjpwYXNz

B. Authorization: Basic dXNlcjpwYXNzCg==

C. Authorization: Basic dXNlcjpwYXNzdA==

D. Authorization: Basic dXNlcjpwYXNzZA==

Solution

1. Step 1: Combine username and password with colon

   Combine 'user' and 'pass' as 'user:pass'.

2. Step 2: Encode 'user:pass' in base64

   Encoding 'user:pass' in base64 results in 'dXNlcjpwYXNzdA=='.

3. Final Answer:

   Authorization: Basic dXNlcjpwYXNzdA== -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Base64('user:pass') = dXNlcjpwYXNzdA== [OK]

Hint: Encode 'username:password' in base64 for header value [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Encoding username and password separately
• Adding extra characters or padding incorrectly
• Using wrong base64 string

4. What is wrong with this Basic Authentication header?
Authorization: Basic user:pass

medium

A. The username and password are not base64 encoded

B. The header should be 'Bearer' not 'Basic'

C. The colon ':' should be replaced with a comma ','

D. The header is missing the word 'Authorization'

Solution

1. Step 1: Check the format of the Authorization header

   The header must have the credentials base64 encoded after 'Basic '.

2. Step 2: Identify the error in the given header

   The given header has 'user:pass' in plain text, not base64 encoded.

3. Final Answer:

   The username and password are not base64 encoded -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Basic Auth requires base64 encoding [OK]

Hint: Credentials must be base64 encoded, not plain text [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Sending plain text credentials
• Confusing 'Basic' with 'Bearer'
• Misplacing colon or other punctuation

5. You want to protect a REST API endpoint using Basic Authentication. Which of the following is the best practice?

hard

A. Use HTTPS to encrypt the connection and send base64 encoded credentials in the Authorization header

B. Send username and password in plain text over HTTP

C. Send credentials as URL parameters for easy access

D. Use Basic Authentication without encoding credentials

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand security risks of Basic Authentication

   Basic Auth sends credentials encoded but not encrypted, so it must be used over HTTPS to protect data.

2. Step 2: Identify best practice for secure API protection

   Using HTTPS encrypts the entire connection, making base64 encoded credentials safe to transmit.

3. Final Answer:

   Use HTTPS to encrypt the connection and send base64 encoded credentials in the Authorization header -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Basic Auth + HTTPS = secure transmission [OK]

Hint: Always use HTTPS with Basic Auth for security [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Sending credentials over HTTP (not secure)
• Putting credentials in URL parameters
• Skipping base64 encoding