Pub/sub vs streams comparison in Redis

Introduction

Pub/sub and streams help different parts of a program talk to each other by sending messages. They do this in different ways to fit different needs.

You want to send a quick message to many listeners without saving the message.

You need to keep a history of messages so new listeners can see old messages.

You want to make sure every listener gets every message, even if they were offline.

You want a simple way to broadcast updates that don't need to be stored.

You want to process messages in order and keep track of what was read.

Syntax

Redis

Pub/Sub:
PUBLISH channel message
SUBSCRIBE channel

Streams:
XADD stream_name * field value [field value ...]
XREAD [COUNT count] [BLOCK milliseconds] STREAMS stream_name last_id
XGROUP CREATE stream_name group_name last_id
XREADGROUP GROUP group_name consumer_name STREAMS stream_name last_id

Pub/Sub messages are sent live and not saved; listeners only get messages while subscribed.

Streams save messages so consumers can read them later and track progress.

Examples

Send a message "Hello everyone!" to all subscribers of the 'news' channel.

Redis

PUBLISH news "Hello everyone!"

Listen to messages published on the 'news' channel.

Redis

SUBSCRIBE news

Add a message to 'mystream' with fields 'user' and 'action'.

Redis

XADD mystream * user Alice action login

Read up to 2 messages from 'mystream' starting from the beginning.

Redis

XREAD COUNT 2 STREAMS mystream 0

Sample Program

This adds two events to a stream and then reads them back.

Redis

XADD mystream * event "user_login" user "Alice"
XADD mystream * event "user_logout" user "Bob"
XREAD COUNT 2 STREAMS mystream 0

Important Notes

Pub/Sub is good for live, temporary messages but does not keep history.

Streams keep messages and let consumers read at their own pace.

Streams support groups so multiple consumers can share the work.

Summary

Pub/Sub sends live messages to all current listeners without saving them.

Streams save messages so consumers can read them later and track what they read.

Use Pub/Sub for simple broadcasts; use streams for reliable, ordered message processing.

Practice

1. Which Redis feature is best suited for instant message delivery without storing messages?

easy

A. Hashes

B. Streams

C. Pub/Sub

D. Sorted Sets

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand Pub/Sub purpose

   Pub/Sub delivers messages instantly to subscribers without saving them.

2. Step 2: Compare with Streams

   Streams store messages for later processing, unlike Pub/Sub.

3. Final Answer:

   Pub/Sub -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Instant delivery without storage = Pub/Sub [OK]

Hint: Instant delivery without storage means Pub/Sub [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing Streams with Pub/Sub for instant delivery
• Thinking Streams do not store messages
• Choosing data structures unrelated to messaging

2. Which of the following is the correct Redis command to publish a message to a channel named news?

easy

A. PUBLISH news "Hello"

B. XADD news * message "Hello"

C. SUBSCRIBE news

D. GET news

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify publish command syntax

   The PUBLISH command sends a message to a channel immediately.

2. Step 2: Check other commands

   XADD adds to streams, SUBSCRIBE listens, GET retrieves keys, so only PUBLISH fits.

3. Final Answer:

   PUBLISH news "Hello" -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Publish message = PUBLISH command [OK]

Hint: Use PUBLISH to send messages to channels [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using XADD instead of PUBLISH for Pub/Sub
• Confusing SUBSCRIBE with PUBLISH
• Using GET which is for keys, not messages

3. Given the following Redis commands, what will be the output of XREAD COUNT 2 STREAMS mystream 0 after adding two entries with XADD mystream * field1 val1 and XADD mystream * field2 val2?

medium

A. An error because COUNT is invalid here

B. Two entries with their IDs and fields returned

C. No entries returned because 0 means no messages

D. Only the first entry returned ignoring COUNT

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand XADD and XREAD

   XADD adds entries to a stream with unique IDs. XREAD reads entries from streams.

2. Step 2: Analyze XREAD COUNT 2 STREAMS mystream 0

   This reads up to 2 entries from 'mystream' starting from ID 0 (the beginning).

3. Final Answer:

   Two entries with their IDs and fields returned -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   XREAD with COUNT 2 returns up to 2 entries [OK]

Hint: XREAD with COUNT returns that many entries from stream start [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking COUNT is invalid in XREAD
• Assuming 0 means no messages returned
• Expecting only one entry despite COUNT 2

4. You wrote this Redis command to subscribe to a channel: SUBSCRIBE mychannel. But your client never receives messages published with PUBLISH mychannel "Hello". What is the likely problem?

medium

A. The client must use XREAD to receive Pub/Sub messages

B. PUBLISH command syntax is wrong

C. Streams must be used instead of Pub/Sub for messages

D. The client is not listening because it did not call SUBSCRIBE correctly

Solution

1. Step 1: Verify SUBSCRIBE usage

   SUBSCRIBE must be called on the client to listen to messages; if not, no messages arrive.

2. Step 2: Check other options

   PUBLISH syntax is correct; Streams and XREAD are unrelated to Pub/Sub listening.

3. Final Answer:

   The client is not listening because it did not call SUBSCRIBE correctly -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Client must SUBSCRIBE to receive messages [OK]

Hint: Client must SUBSCRIBE to receive published messages [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking PUBLISH syntax is wrong
• Confusing Streams with Pub/Sub for message delivery
• Using XREAD to get Pub/Sub messages

5. You want to build a task queue in Redis where tasks must be stored reliably and processed even if the worker restarts. Which Redis feature should you use and why?

hard

A. Use Streams because they store messages and support replaying tasks

B. Use Sorted Sets because they keep tasks ordered by score

C. Use Pub/Sub because it delivers messages instantly without storage

D. Use Hashes because they store key-value pairs efficiently

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify requirements for task queue

   Tasks must be stored reliably and processed even after worker restarts.

2. Step 2: Compare Redis features

   Pub/Sub does not store messages, so tasks can be lost. Streams store messages and allow replay.

3. Final Answer:

   Use Streams because they store messages and support replaying tasks -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Reliable storage and replay = Streams [OK]

Hint: Reliable task queues need Streams, not Pub/Sub [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Choosing Pub/Sub for reliable storage
• Confusing Sorted Sets with message storage
• Using Hashes which are not for message queues