Vector creation with c() in R Programming

Introduction

The c() function in R is used to combine values into a single vector. It helps you group data together in one place.

When you want to create a list of numbers to work with.

When you need to combine several values into one variable.

When you want to store multiple related items like names or scores.

When preparing data for calculations or graphs.

When you want to easily access a group of values by their position.

Syntax

R Programming

c(value1, value2, value3, ...)

You can mix numbers, text, or logical values inside c().

The values inside c() become elements of a vector.

Examples

This creates a numeric vector with five numbers.

R Programming

numbers <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

This creates a character vector with three letters.

R Programming

letters <- c("a", "b", "c")

This creates a logical vector with TRUE and FALSE values.

R Programming

mixed <- c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)

This creates an empty vector with no elements.

R Programming

empty <- c()

Sample Program

This program shows how to create numeric and character vectors using c() and then prints them.

R Programming

# Create a numeric vector
my_numbers <- c(10, 20, 30, 40)

# Print the vector
print(my_numbers)

# Create a character vector
my_letters <- c("x", "y", "z")

# Print the character vector
print(my_letters)

Important Notes

If you mix different types, R will convert them all to the most flexible type (usually character).

Vectors created with c() are one-dimensional and can be used for many basic tasks in R.

Summary

c() combines values into a vector.

Vectors can hold numbers, text, or logical values.

Use c() to group related data for easy use.