Factory pattern in PHP - Mini Project: Build & Apply

Factory Pattern in PHP

📖 Scenario: You work in a car factory. Different cars are made based on the type requested. You want a simple way to create cars without repeating code.

🎯 Goal: Build a PHP program that uses the factory pattern to create different car objects based on a given type.

📋 What You'll Learn

Create a base Car class with a method getType() that returns the car type.

Create two classes Sedan and SUV that extend the Car class and return their specific types.

Create a CarFactory class with a static method createCar($type) that returns the correct car object based on the $type string.

Use the factory to create a Sedan and an SUV and print their types.

💡 Why This Matters

🌍 Real World

Factories are used in software to create objects without repeating code. This helps when you have many similar objects but want to decide which one to create at runtime.

💼 Career

Understanding the factory pattern is important for software developers because it helps write clean, maintainable, and scalable code. It is commonly used in many programming jobs.

1

Create base Car class and Sedan class

Create a class called Car with a method getType() that returns an empty string. Then create a class called Sedan that extends Car and overrides getType() to return the string "Sedan".

PHP

<?php
// Your code here

Hint

Use class keyword to create classes. Use extends to inherit. Override getType() in Sedan to return "Sedan".

2

Create SUV class

Create a class called SUV that extends Car and overrides the getType() method to return the string "SUV".

PHP

<?php
class Car {
    public function getType() {
        return "";
    }
}

class Sedan extends Car {
    public function getType() {
        return "Sedan";
    }
}

// Your code here

Hint

Similar to Sedan, create SUV class that extends Car and returns "SUV" in getType().

3

Create CarFactory class with createCar method

Create a class called CarFactory with a public static method createCar($type). Inside this method, use an if statement to return a new Sedan object if $type is "sedan", a new SUV object if $type is "suv", and null otherwise.

PHP

<?php
class Car {
    public function getType() {
        return "";
    }
}

class Sedan extends Car {
    public function getType() {
        return "Sedan";
    }
}

class SUV extends Car {
    public function getType() {
        return "SUV";
    }
}

// Your code here

Hint

Use public static function createCar($type) and if statements to return the right car object.

4

Use factory to create cars and print types

Use CarFactory::createCar("sedan") to create a Sedan object and store it in $sedan. Use CarFactory::createCar("suv") to create an SUV object and store it in $suv. Then print the types of both cars using echo and the getType() method, separated by a newline.

PHP

<?php
class Car {
    public function getType() {
        return "";
    }
}

class Sedan extends Car {
    public function getType() {
        return "Sedan";
    }
}

class SUV extends Car {
    public function getType() {
        return "SUV";
    }
}

class CarFactory {
    public static function createCar($type) {
        if ($type === "sedan") {
            return new Sedan();
        } elseif ($type === "suv") {
            return new SUV();
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }
}

// Your code here

Hint

Call CarFactory::createCar() with "sedan" and "suv". Use echo to print the types with a newline.

Practice

1. What is the main purpose of the Factory Pattern in PHP?

easy

A. To create objects without exposing the creation logic to the client

B. To store data in a database

C. To handle user input validation

D. To perform mathematical calculations

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the role of the Factory Pattern

   The Factory Pattern is designed to create objects while hiding the details of how they are created.

2. Step 2: Compare options with the pattern's purpose

   Only To create objects without exposing the creation logic to the client describes creating objects without exposing creation logic, which matches the Factory Pattern.

3. Final Answer:

   To create objects without exposing the creation logic to the client -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Factory Pattern = Object creation hiding [OK]

Hint: Factory pattern hides object creation details [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing factory pattern with database operations
• Thinking it handles input validation
• Assuming it performs calculations

2. Which of the following is the correct way to define a factory method in PHP?

easy

A. public static function create() {}

B. function create() {}

C. public function create() {}

D. private function create() {}

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify typical factory method signature

   Factory methods are often static so they can be called without creating an instance.

2. Step 2: Check options for static keyword

   Only public static function create() {} uses public static function create(), which is the common factory method style.

3. Final Answer:

   public static function create() {} -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Factory method is usually static [OK]

Hint: Factory methods are usually static for easy access [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Omitting static keyword for factory methods
• Using private visibility which blocks access
• Not specifying visibility (defaults to public but less clear)

3. What will be the output of the following PHP code?

class Book { }
class ProductFactory {
    public static function create($type) {
        if ($type === 'Book') {
            return new Book();
        }
        return null;
    }
}
$product = ProductFactory::create('Book');
echo get_class($product);

medium

A. null

B. ProductFactory

C. Book

D. Error: Class not found

Solution

1. Step 1: Analyze the factory method call

   The call ProductFactory::create('Book') checks if the type is 'Book' and returns a new Book object.

2. Step 2: Check the output of get_class

   Since the returned object is an instance of Book, get_class($product) returns "Book".

3. Final Answer:

   Book -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Factory returns Book object, get_class = Book [OK]

Hint: Factory returns object; get_class shows its class name [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Expecting factory class name instead of product class
• Assuming null is returned
• Thinking code throws error due to missing class

4. Identify the error in this factory pattern implementation:

class Car {}
class VehicleFactory {
    public static function create($type) {
        if ($type = 'Car') {
            return new Car();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

medium

A. Missing return type declaration

B. Using assignment (=) instead of comparison (==) in the if condition

C. Class Car is not defined

D. Factory method should not be static

Solution

1. Step 1: Check the if condition syntax

   The condition uses = which assigns 'Car' to $type instead of comparing it.

2. Step 2: Understand impact of assignment in condition

   Assignment always returns true, so the if block always runs regardless of input, which is a logic error.

3. Final Answer:

   Using assignment (=) instead of comparison (==) in the if condition -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Use == for comparison, not = [OK]

Hint: Use == for comparison, not = assignment in conditions [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing = and == in if statements
• Thinking static method is wrong here
• Assuming missing return type causes error

5. You want to extend a factory to create different types of vehicles: Car, Bike, and Truck. Which approach best follows the Factory Pattern principles in PHP?

hard

A. Create separate factory classes for CarFactory, BikeFactory, and TruckFactory each with their own create method

B. Use global functions to create Car, Bike, and Truck objects directly

C. Create one class Vehicle with properties to switch between Car, Bike, and Truck behaviors

D. Create a VehicleFactory with a static create method that returns new Car, Bike, or Truck objects based on input

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the Factory Pattern goal

   The pattern centralizes object creation in one place, hiding details from the client.

2. Step 2: Evaluate options for best factory design

   Create a VehicleFactory with a static create method that returns new Car, Bike, or Truck objects based on input uses one factory class with a method that creates different vehicle objects based on input, which is the classic factory pattern.

3. Step 3: Compare other options

   Create separate factory classes for CarFactory, BikeFactory, and TruckFactory each with their own create method splits factories, which is more like Abstract Factory or multiple factories, not simple Factory Pattern. Create one class Vehicle with properties to switch between Car, Bike, and Truck behaviors mixes behaviors in one class, breaking single responsibility. Use global functions to create Car, Bike, and Truck objects directly uses global functions, which is not object-oriented.

4. Final Answer:

   Create a VehicleFactory with a static create method that returns new Car, Bike, or Truck objects based on input -> Option D

5. Quick Check:

   Single factory method creates varied objects [OK]

Hint: One factory method returns different objects by input [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Splitting factories unnecessarily
• Mixing multiple behaviors in one class
• Using global functions instead of classes