Response methods and status codes in Node.js

Introduction

Response methods and status codes help your server tell the browser what happened with a request. They make communication clear and organized.

When sending data back to a user after they ask for a webpage or API info.

When telling the browser if something went wrong, like a missing page or server error.

When confirming that a form submission was successful.

When redirecting a user to another page.

When sending different types of content like JSON, HTML, or files.

Syntax

Node.js

res.status(code).send(body)
res.status(code).json(object)
res.send(body)
res.json(object)
res.redirect(url)

res is the response object in Node.js frameworks like Express.

status(code) sets the HTTP status code before sending the response.

Examples

Sends a plain text response with status 200 (success).

Node.js

res.status(200).send('OK')

Sends a 404 status with a message when a page is missing.

Node.js

res.status(404).send('Page not found')

Sends a JSON response with default status 200.

Node.js

res.json({ message: 'Hello' })

Redirects the user to the login page.

Node.js

res.redirect('/login')

Sample Program

This simple Express server shows different response methods and status codes:

• Root path sends a 200 status with text.
• /data sends JSON data with default 200 status.
• /notfound sends a 404 status with a message.
• /redirect sends a redirect to the homepage.

Node.js

import express from 'express';
const app = express();

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.status(200).send('Welcome to the homepage!');
});

app.get('/data', (req, res) => {
  res.json({ name: 'Alice', age: 30 });
});

app.get('/notfound', (req, res) => {
  res.status(404).send('Sorry, page not found');
});

app.get('/redirect', (req, res) => {
  res.redirect('/');
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
  console.log('Server running on http://localhost:3000');
});

Important Notes

Always set the status code before sending the response.

Use res.json() to send JSON data easily.

Common status codes: 200 (OK), 404 (Not Found), 500 (Server Error), 302 (Redirect).

Summary

Response methods send data and status codes tell the browser what happened.

Use res.status(code) to set status before sending.

Common methods: send(), json(), and redirect().

Practice

1. What does the res.status(404) method do in a Node.js response?

easy

A. Redirects the client to a page named '404'

B. Sends the response body with the text '404'

C. Sets the HTTP status code to 404 (Not Found) for the response

D. Ends the response without sending any data

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of res.status()

   This method sets the HTTP status code that tells the browser what happened with the request.

2. Step 2: Identify the meaning of 404 status code

   Status code 404 means 'Not Found', indicating the requested resource does not exist.

3. Final Answer:

   Sets the HTTP status code to 404 (Not Found) for the response -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Status code 404 = Not Found [OK]

Hint: Status codes tell browser what happened; 404 means not found [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking res.status sends the response body
• Confusing status code with redirect
• Assuming res.status ends the response

2. Which of the following is the correct way to send a JSON response with status 200 in Express?

easy

A. res.status(200).json({ message: 'OK' })

B. res.send(200).json({ message: 'OK' })

C. res.json(200, { message: 'OK' })

D. res.status(200).sendJson({ message: 'OK' })

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall Express response chaining

   Use res.status(code) to set status, then call json() to send JSON data.

2. Step 2: Check each option's syntax

   res.status(200).json({ message: 'OK' }) correctly chains status(200) and json(). Others misuse method order or names.

3. Final Answer:

   res.status(200).json({ message: 'OK' }) -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Set status then send JSON = res.status(200).json({ message: 'OK' }) [OK]

Hint: Set status first, then call json() to send data [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Calling send before status
• Using non-existent sendJson method
• Passing status code inside json()

3. What will the following Express code send to the client?

app.get('/test', (req, res) => {
  res.status(201).send('Created');
});

medium

A. A response with status 200 and body 'Created'

B. A response with status 201 and body 'Created'

C. A response with status 201 and no body

D. An error because send() cannot follow status()

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand status and send chaining

   res.status(201) sets status code 201 (Created), then send('Created') sends that text as the response body.

2. Step 2: Confirm behavior of Express response

   Express allows chaining status and send; the response will have status 201 and body 'Created'.

3. Final Answer:

   A response with status 201 and body 'Created' -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Status 201 + send text = A response with status 201 and body 'Created' [OK]

Hint: status sets code, send sends body; chaining works [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming default status 200 is sent
• Thinking send() clears status
• Believing chaining status and send causes error

4. Identify the error in this Express code snippet:

app.get('/redirect', (req, res) => {
  res.send('Redirecting...');
  res.redirect('/new-url');
});

medium

A. Calling res.redirect after res.send causes an error

B. res.redirect should be called before res.send

C. res.send cannot send strings, only JSON

D. No error; this code works fine

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand response flow in Express

   Once res.send() is called, the response is sent and closed.

2. Step 2: Check order of methods

   Calling res.redirect() after res.send() tries to send headers again, causing an error.

3. Final Answer:

   Calling res.redirect after res.send causes an error -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Send ends response; redirect after send fails [OK]

Hint: Send or redirect ends response; don't call both [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking order doesn't matter
• Believing send only works with JSON
• Assuming no error on multiple sends

5. You want to send a JSON response with status 400 and a message 'Invalid input'. Which code correctly does this in Express?

hard

A. res.json(400, { error: 'Invalid input' })

B. res.sendStatus(400).json({ error: 'Invalid input' })

C. res.status(400).send('Invalid input')

D. res.status(400).json({ error: 'Invalid input' })

Solution

1. Step 1: Set the status code correctly

   Use res.status(400) to set the HTTP status to 400 (Bad Request).

2. Step 2: Send JSON response

   Use json() to send the JSON object with the error message.

3. Step 3: Check incorrect options

   res.json(400, { error: 'Invalid input' }) uses wrong method signature (sends 400 as JSON body with status 200); res.status(400).send('Invalid input') sends plain text string (Content-Type text/html) instead of JSON; res.sendStatus(400).json({ error: 'Invalid input' }) ends response with sendStatus before json.

4. Final Answer:

   res.status(400).json({ error: 'Invalid input' }) -> Option D

5. Quick Check:

   Status then json() sends JSON with code [OK]

Hint: Use status() then json() to send JSON with status [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Passing status code inside json()
• Using send instead of json for JSON data
• Calling sendStatus before json