Combining comparison operators in MongoDB

Introduction

We combine comparison operators to find data that meets multiple conditions at the same time.

Finding products priced between two amounts.

Getting users who joined after a date and have a certain status.

Selecting orders with quantity greater than 5 but less than 20.

Filtering events that happened before a date and have a specific type.

Syntax

MongoDB

{ field: { $operator1: value1, $operator2: value2 } }

Use curly braces inside the field to combine multiple comparison operators.

Each operator starts with a $ sign, like $gt (greater than) or $lt (less than).

Examples

Finds documents where age is greater than 18 and less than 30.

MongoDB

{ age: { $gt: 18, $lt: 30 } }

Finds documents where price is between 10 and 50, including 10 and 50.

MongoDB

{ price: { $gte: 10, $lte: 50 } }

Finds documents where score is not equal to 100 and less than 90.

MongoDB

{ score: { $ne: 100, $lt: 90 } }

Sample Program

This query finds all products with a price greater than 20 and less than 100.

MongoDB

db.products.find({ price: { $gt: 20, $lt: 100 } })

Important Notes

Combining operators inside one field means all conditions must be true for that field.

You cannot combine conflicting operators like $gt: 10 and $lt: 5 because no value can satisfy both.

Summary

Combine comparison operators inside a field to filter data with multiple conditions.

Use $gt, $lt, $gte, $lte, $ne to compare values.

All combined conditions must be true for a document to match.

Practice

1. Which MongoDB query correctly finds documents where the field age is greater than 20 and less than 30?

easy

A. { age: { $gte: 20, $lte: 30 } }

B. { age: { $gt: 20, $lt: 30 } }

C. { age: { $ne: 20, $ne: 30 } }

D. { age: { $gt: 20 }, $lt: 30 }

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the requirement for age range

   The question asks for documents where age is strictly greater than 20 and strictly less than 30.

2. Step 2: Identify the correct MongoDB syntax for combined conditions

   Using { age: { $gt: 20, $lt: 30 } } combines both conditions on the same field correctly.

3. Final Answer:

   { age: { $gt: 20, $lt: 30 } } -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Combined $gt and $lt on same field = { age: { $gt: 20, $lt: 30 } } [OK]

Hint: Use $gt and $lt together inside one field object [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using $gte and $lte includes boundary values, not strictly between
• Placing $lt outside the field object causes syntax error
• Using $ne does not check range but excludes specific values

2. Which of the following is the correct syntax to find documents where score is not equal to 50 and less than or equal to 100?

easy

A. { score: { $ne: 50, $lte: 100 } }

B. { score: { $ne: 50 }, $lte: 100 }

C. { score: { $ne: 50, $lt: 100 } }

D. { score: { $ne: 50, $gte: 100 } }

Solution

1. Step 1: Combine $ne and $lte inside the same field object

   Both conditions must apply to score, so they go together inside one object.

2. Step 2: Check each option's syntax

   { score: { $ne: 50, $lte: 100 } } correctly combines $ne: 50 and $lte: 100 inside score. { score: { $ne: 50 }, $lte: 100 } separates $lte outside, which is invalid syntax.

3. Final Answer:

   { score: { $ne: 50, $lte: 100 } } -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Combine $ne and $lte inside one field object = { score: { $ne: 50, $lte: 100 } } [OK]

Hint: Put all comparison operators inside one field object [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Placing $lte outside the field object causes syntax error
• Using $gte instead of $lte changes the condition
• Separating operators into different objects breaks query

3. Given the collection products with documents like { price: 150, stock: 30 }, what will the query { price: { $gt: 100, $lt: 200 }, stock: { $gte: 20, $lte: 40 } } return?

medium

A. Documents where price is greater than 100 or stock is less than 40

B. Documents where price is exactly 100 and stock is exactly 20

C. Documents where price is between 100 and 200, and stock is between 20 and 40

D. Documents where price is less than 100 and stock is greater than 40

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the combined conditions on price and stock

   The query uses $gt and $lt on price to find values strictly between 100 and 200, and $gte and $lte on stock to find values between 20 and 40 inclusive.

2. Step 2: Interpret the logical AND behavior of MongoDB queries

   Both conditions must be true for a document to match, so only documents with price in (100,200) and stock in [20,40] are returned.

3. Final Answer:

   Documents where price is between 100 and 200, and stock is between 20 and 40 -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Combined conditions on fields = Documents where price is between 100 and 200, and stock is between 20 and 40 [OK]

Hint: All conditions on different fields combine with AND logic [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking conditions combine with OR instead of AND
• Confusing inclusive ($gte/$lte) with exclusive ($gt/$lt)
• Assuming exact matches instead of ranges

4. Identify the error in this MongoDB query: { quantity: { $gt: 10 }, $lt: 50 }

medium

A. The query is correct and will work as expected

B. The $gt operator should be $gte

C. The field name 'quantity' is missing

D. The $lt operator is outside the field object and causes syntax error

Solution

1. Step 1: Analyze the placement of comparison operators

   The $lt operator is placed outside the quantity field object, which is invalid syntax in MongoDB queries.

2. Step 2: Correct syntax requires all operators on the same field inside one object

   Both $gt and $lt must be inside the quantity object like { quantity: { $gt: 10, $lt: 50 } }.

3. Final Answer:

   The $lt operator is outside the field object and causes syntax error -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   All operators must be inside field object = The $lt operator is outside the field object and causes syntax error [OK]

Hint: Keep all comparison operators inside the same field object [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Placing operators outside the field object
• Confusing $gt with $gte unnecessarily
• Assuming query works despite syntax error

5. You want to find documents where rating is greater than 3 but not equal to 5, and reviews are between 10 and 100 inclusive. Which query correctly combines these conditions?

hard

A. { rating: { $gt: 3, $ne: 5 }, reviews: { $gte: 10, $lte: 100 } }

B. { rating: { $gt: 3 }, rating: { $ne: 5 }, reviews: { $gte: 10, $lte: 100 } }

C. { rating: { $gt: 3, $ne: 5, $gte: 10 }, reviews: { $lte: 100 } }

D. { rating: { $gt: 3, $ne: 5 }, reviews: { $gt: 10, $lt: 100 } }

Solution

1. Step 1: Combine multiple comparison operators on the same field correctly

   Both $gt: 3 and $ne: 5 must be inside the same rating object to apply both conditions.

2. Step 2: Use inclusive range operators for reviews

   Since reviews should be between 10 and 100 inclusive, use $gte: 10 and $lte: 100 inside the reviews object.

3. Step 3: Check for syntax errors and logical correctness

   { rating: { $gt: 3, $ne: 5 }, reviews: { $gte: 10, $lte: 100 } } correctly combines all conditions. { rating: { $gt: 3 }, rating: { $ne: 5 }, reviews: { $gte: 10, $lte: 100 } } repeats the rating field, which is invalid. { rating: { $gt: 3, $ne: 5, $gte: 10 }, reviews: { $lte: 100 } } incorrectly adds $gte: 10 to rating. { rating: { $gt: 3, $ne: 5 }, reviews: { $gt: 10, $lt: 100 } } uses exclusive operators for reviews, which is incorrect.

4. Final Answer:

   { rating: { $gt: 3, $ne: 5 }, reviews: { $gte: 10, $lte: 100 } } -> Option A

5. Quick Check:

   Combine all conditions inside field objects correctly = { rating: { $gt: 3, $ne: 5 }, reviews: { $gte: 10, $lte: 100 } } [OK]

Hint: Put all conditions for one field inside one object, use correct operators [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Repeating the same field multiple times in query
• Mixing inclusive and exclusive operators incorrectly
• Adding unrelated operators inside wrong field objects