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LLDsystem_design~12 mins

Abstract Factory pattern in LLD - Architecture Diagram

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System Overview - Abstract Factory pattern

The Abstract Factory pattern helps create families of related objects without specifying their exact classes. It provides an interface to create objects, letting the system be flexible and scalable when adding new product types or variants.

This pattern is useful in systems that need to support multiple product families, ensuring that products from one family are used together.

Architecture Diagram
User
  |
  v
Abstract Factory Interface
  |-----------------------------|
  |                             |
Concrete Factory A          Concrete Factory B
  |                             |
  |                             |
Product A1                 Product B1
Product A2                 Product B2
Components
User
client
Requests products from factories without knowing their concrete classes
Abstract Factory Interface
interface
Defines methods to create abstract products
Concrete Factory A
factory
Creates concrete products of family A
Concrete Factory B
factory
Creates concrete products of family B
Product A1
product
A concrete product of family A
Product A2
product
Another concrete product of family A
Product B1
product
A concrete product of family B
Product B2
product
Another concrete product of family B
Request Flow - 5 Hops
User → Abstract Factory Interface
Abstract Factory Interface → Concrete Factory A or B
User → Concrete Factory A or B
Concrete Factory A or B → Product A1/A2 or B1/B2
Concrete Factory A or B → User
Failure Scenario
Component Fails:Concrete Factory
Impact:User cannot create products of that family; system may fail to produce required objects
Mitigation:Use fallback factories or default implementations; validate factory availability before use
Architecture Quiz - 3 Questions
Test your understanding
What is the main purpose of the Abstract Factory Interface?
ATo manage user requests
BTo create concrete product instances directly
CTo define methods for creating abstract products
DTo store product data
Design Principle
The Abstract Factory pattern separates product creation from usage, allowing the system to be flexible and scalable by supporting multiple product families without changing client code.