Opening and using the terminal in Linux CLI - Commands & Configuration

Introduction

Sometimes you need to type commands to control your computer. The terminal is a tool that lets you do this by typing words instead of clicking. It helps you run programs, manage files, and check system information quickly.

When you want to open a program by typing its name instead of clicking icons.

When you need to find where a file is on your computer using commands.

When you want to check your computer's current folder or list files inside it.

When you want to create or delete files and folders quickly.

When you want to run scripts or programs that automate tasks.

Commands

This command opens a new terminal window on systems using the GNOME desktop environment. It lets you start typing commands.

Terminal

gnome-terminal

Expected Output

No output (command runs silently)

→

--window - Open a new window

→

--tab - Open a new tab in the terminal

This command shows the current folder you are in. It helps you know where you are in the computer's file system.

Terminal

pwd

Expected Output

/home/username

This command lists all files and folders in the current folder. It helps you see what is inside the folder.

Terminal

ls

Expected Output

Documents  Downloads  Pictures  file.txt

→

-l - Show detailed information about files

→

-a - Show hidden files

This command prints the words 'Hello, terminal!' on the screen. It shows how you can display messages or check if commands work.

Terminal

echo Hello, terminal!

Expected Output

Hello, terminal!

Key Concept

The terminal lets you control your computer by typing simple commands to do tasks faster and more precisely.

Common Mistakes

Trying to open the terminal by typing random words or commands.

The terminal only opens with specific commands or shortcuts, so random words won't work.

Use the correct command like 'gnome-terminal' or the keyboard shortcut to open the terminal.

Typing commands without knowing the current folder.

Commands like 'ls' or file operations depend on the current folder, so you might look in the wrong place.

Use 'pwd' to check your current folder before running commands.

Ignoring command output and errors.

You might miss important messages that tell you if a command worked or failed.

Always read what the terminal shows after running a command.

Summary

Open the terminal using the 'gnome-terminal' command or your system's shortcut.

Use 'pwd' to see your current folder location.

Use 'ls' to list files and folders inside the current folder.

Use 'echo' to print messages on the screen.